Hirsch Jana A, Green Geoffrey F, Peterson Marc, Rodriguez Daniel A, Gordon-Larsen Penny
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Urban. 2017;10(2):181-197. doi: 10.1080/17549175.2016.1212914. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
While increasing evidence suggests an association between physical infrastructure in neighbourhoods and health outcomes, relatively little research examines how neighbourhoods change physically over time and how these physical improvements are spatially distributed across populations. This paper describes the change over 25 years (1985-2010) in bicycle lanes, off-road trails, bus transit service, and parks, and spatial clusters of changes in these domains relative to neighbourhood sociodemographics in four U.S. cities that are diverse in terms of geography, size and population. Across all four cities, we identified increases in bicycle lanes, off-road trails, and bus transit service, with spatial clustering in these changes that related to neighbourhood sociodemographics. Overall, we found evidence of positive changes in physical infrastructure commonly identified as supportive of physical activity. However, the patterning of infrastructure change by sociodemographic change encourages attention to the equity in infrastructure improvements across neighbourhoods.
虽然越来越多的证据表明社区的物质基础设施与健康结果之间存在关联，但相对较少的研究考察社区在物理层面上如何随时间变化，以及这些物质改善如何在人群中进行空间分布。本文描述了25年（1985 - 2010年）间美国四个在地理、规模和人口方面具有多样性的城市中自行车道、越野步道、公交服务和公园的变化，以及这些领域变化相对于社区社会人口统计学的空间聚类情况。在所有四个城市中，我们发现自行车道、越野步道和公交服务有所增加，且这些变化存在与社区社会人口统计学相关的空间聚类。总体而言，我们发现了通常被认为有利于体育活动的物质基础设施发生积极变化的证据。然而，基础设施变化随社会人口变化的模式促使人们关注社区间基础设施改善的公平性。
