Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84104, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Soroka Medical Central, Beer Sheva, Israel.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Feb;46(2):265-276. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0287-4.
Extreme levels of certain temperament traits can be early markers of different developmental pathways of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the long-term utility of using these traits as predictors of ADHD is not fully known. This study includes 64 male adolescents (M age = 13.5), who have been followed since birth as part of a longitudinal study. The primary aim was to test effortful control (EC), activity level, and anger, measured in early childhood - both with mother's reports and laboratory assessments -as predictors of ADHD symptoms in adolescence. Further, we investigated the specificity of this prediction to the different ADHD symptom domains. The results demonstrated that early temperament dimensions of EC and activity level were predictive of ADHD symptoms about 10 years later, when the participants reached adolescence. Moreover, activity level showed specificity only to hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms whereas EC was a predictor of the two symptom domains. Anger had a predictive correlation with ADHD symptoms; however, it did not have a unique predictive contribution. These results emphasize the relevance of EC and activity level in the developmental course of ADHD. Identification of early risk factors can lead to more efficient design and implementation of intervention programs.
某些气质特征的极端水平可能是注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）不同发展途径的早期标志物。然而，将这些特征用作 ADHD 预测因子的长期效用尚不完全清楚。本研究包括 64 名男性青少年（M 年龄= 13.5），他们自出生以来一直作为一项纵向研究的一部分被跟踪。主要目的是测试在幼儿期（通过母亲报告和实验室评估）测量的努力控制（EC）、活动水平和愤怒，作为青春期 ADHD 症状的预测因子。此外，我们还研究了这种预测对不同 ADHD 症状领域的特异性。研究结果表明，EC 和活动水平的早期气质维度可以预测大约 10 年后参与者进入青春期时的 ADHD 症状。此外，活动水平仅对多动冲动症状具有特异性，而 EC 是两个症状领域的预测因子。愤怒与 ADHD 症状有预测相关性；然而，它并没有独特的预测贡献。这些结果强调了 EC 和活动水平在 ADHD 发展过程中的相关性。识别早期风险因素可以导致更有效地设计和实施干预计划。
