Slippers Bernard, Crous Pedro Willem, Jami Fahimeh, Groenewald Johannes Zacharias, Wingfield Michael John
Department of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Fungal Biol. 2017 Apr;121(4):307-321. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
The Botryosphaeriales are amongst the most widespread, common and important fungal pathogens of woody plants. Many are also known to exist as endophytes in healthy plant tissues. This special issue highlights a number of key themes in the study of this group of fungi. In particular, there have been dramatic taxonomic changes over the past decade; from one family to nine (including two in this special issue) and from 10 to 33 genera known from culture. It is also clear from many studies that neither morphology nor single locus sequence data are sufficient to define taxa. This problem is exacerbated by the increasing recognition of cryptic species and hybrids (as highlighted for the first time in this special issue). It is futile that management strategies, including quarantine, continue to rely on outdated taxonomic definitions and identification tools. This is especially true in light of growing evidence that many species continue to be moved globally as endophytes in plants and plant products. A well defined natural classification and an extensive collection of tools to study the Botryosphaeriaceae, including a growing number of genomes, now provide a springboard for a much deeper exploration of their biology, biogeography and host associations.
座囊菌目是木本植物中分布最广、最常见且最重要的真菌病原体之一。许多座囊菌目真菌还被认为以内生菌的形式存在于健康植物组织中。本期特刊重点介绍了这类真菌研究中的一些关键主题。特别是，在过去十年中发生了巨大的分类学变化：从一个科增加到九个科（包括本期特刊中的两个科），从已知的10个属增加到33个属（基于培养物）。许多研究还表明，形态学和单基因座序列数据都不足以定义分类单元。随着对隐存种和杂交种的认识不断增加（本期特刊首次强调），这个问题变得更加严重。包括检疫在内的管理策略继续依赖过时的分类定义和鉴定工具是徒劳的。鉴于越来越多的证据表明，许多物种作为植物和植物产品中的内生菌在全球范围内不断迁移，情况尤其如此。一个定义明确的自然分类以及大量用于研究葡萄座腔菌科的工具，包括越来越多的基因组，现在为更深入地探索它们的生物学、生物地理学和寄主关联提供了一个跳板。
