Reynolds-Campbell Glendee, Nicholson Alison, Thoms-Rodriguez Camille-Ann
Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, KGN 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, KGN 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
Dent Clin North Am. 2017 Apr;61(2):305-318. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.12.003.
The human oral cavity contains more than 500 different bacterial species. These organisms belong to several phyla including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Chlamydiae, and Spirochaetes. Many of these have the ability to colonize the gingival crevices and the outer surface of the tooth forming biofilms often leading to dental plaque formation. These bacteria produce acid that erode teeth causing cavities or infections. The diagnosis of these infections is often clinical and antibiotics are used empirically to treat some infections or as prophylaxis. The characterization, definitive diagnosis, and susceptibility testing of oral bacterial infections are valuable in guiding appropriate therapy and in prevention of disease.
人类口腔中含有500多种不同的细菌物种。这些微生物属于几个门，包括拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、柔膜菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、广古菌门、衣原体门和螺旋体门。其中许多细菌能够在牙龈沟和牙齿外表面定植，形成生物膜，常常导致牙菌斑形成。这些细菌产生的酸会侵蚀牙齿，导致龋齿或感染。这些感染的诊断通常基于临床症状，抗生素被经验性地用于治疗某些感染或作为预防措施。口腔细菌感染的特征描述、明确诊断和药敏试验对于指导适当的治疗和预防疾病具有重要价值。
