Wajcman Judy
London School of Economics.
Br J Sociol. 2017 Mar;68(1):119-127. doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.12239. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
This review examines several recent books that deal with the impact of automation and robotics on the future of jobs. Most books in this genre predict that the current phase of digital technology will create massive job loss in an unprecedented way, that is, that this wave of automation is different from previous waves. Uniquely digital technology is said to automate professional occupations for the first time. This review critically examines these claims, puncturing some of the hyperbole about automation, robotics and Artificial Intelligence. The review argues for a more nuanced analysis of the politics of technology and provides some critical distance on Silicon Valley's futurist discourse. Only by insisting that futures are always social can public bodies, rather than autonomous markets and endogenous technologies, become central to disentangling, debating and delivering those futures.
这篇综述考察了几本近期探讨自动化和机器人技术对未来就业影响的书籍。这类书籍大多预测,当前数字技术阶段将以前所未有的方式造成大量失业,也就是说,这波自动化与以往不同。据说,独特的数字技术首次使专业职业实现自动化。这篇综述批判性地审视了这些说法,戳穿了一些有关自动化、机器人技术和人工智能的夸张言辞。该综述主张对技术政治进行更细致入微的分析,并与硅谷的未来主义话语保持一定的批判性距离。只有坚持认为未来总是社会性的,公共机构而非自主市场和内生技术才能成为理清、辩论和实现这些未来的核心。