Department of Endocrinology, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA.
Endocrinology Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2017 Mar;84(3):236-244. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.84a.15053.
Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and fetal neurodevelopment. Major dietary sources of iodine in the United States are dairy products and iodized salt. Potential consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and impaired cognitive development. Although iodine status in the United States is considered sufficient at the population level, intake varies widely across the population, and the percentage of women of childbearing age with iodine deficiency is increasing. Physicians should be aware of the risks of iodine deficiency and the indications for iodine supplementation, especially in women who are pregnant or lactating.
碘对于甲状腺激素合成和胎儿神经发育至关重要。美国碘的主要膳食来源是乳制品和碘盐。碘缺乏的潜在后果包括甲状腺肿、甲状腺功能减退、呆小病和认知发育受损。尽管美国的碘营养状况在人群水平上被认为是充足的，但摄入量在人群中差异很大，育龄妇女碘缺乏的比例正在增加。医生应该意识到碘缺乏的风险和碘补充的指征，特别是对于孕妇或哺乳期妇女。
