Schneider Christel, Liebal Katja, Call Josep
School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK.
Comparative Developmental Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Dev Psychobiol. 2017 Apr;59(3):303-313. doi: 10.1002/dev.21495.
In the first comparative analysis of its kind, we investigated gesture behavior and response patterns in 25 captive ape mother-infant dyads (six bonobos, eight chimpanzees, three gorillas, and eight orangutans). We examined (i) how frequently mothers and infants gestured to each other and to other group members; and (ii) to what extent infants and mothers responded to the gestural attempts of others. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that bonobo mothers were more proactive in their gesturing to their infants than the other species. Yet mothers (from all four species) often did not respond to the gestures of their infants and other group members. In contrast, infants "pervasively" responded to gestures they received from their mothers and other group members. We propose that infants' pervasive responsiveness rather than the quality of mother investment and her responsiveness may be crucial to communication development in nonhuman great apes.
在同类的首次比较分析中，我们调查了25对圈养猿类母婴组合（6只倭黑猩猩、8只黑猩猩、3只大猩猩和8只猩猩）的手势行为和反应模式。我们研究了：（i）母亲和婴儿彼此之间以及对其他群体成员做出手势的频率；（ii）婴儿和母亲对他人手势尝试的反应程度。我们的研究结果证实了这一假设，即倭黑猩猩母亲比其他物种的母亲更主动地向自己的婴儿做出手势。然而，母亲们（来自所有四个物种）往往不回应自己婴儿和其他群体成员的手势。相比之下，婴儿“普遍”会回应他们从母亲和其他群体成员那里收到的手势。我们认为，婴儿的普遍反应能力而非母亲投入的质量及其反应能力，可能对非人类的大型猿类的交流发展至关重要。
