Artioli Giovanna, Foà Chiara, Cosentino Chiara, Taffurelli Chiara
Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Italy;.
Acta Biomed. 2017 Mar 14;88(1S):7-17. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1-S.6279.
The assessment is the first of the fundamental nursing processes: it includes data collection, problem identification, and setting of priorities, which all facilitates the process of making a nursing diagnosis. The assessment helps to identify a goal, which, through a decision-making process, orientates the planning as well as the nursing intervention, which will be evaluated at a later stage. It seems that the proposed multidimensional and integrated assessment has a good potential to significantly influence the nursing care. This model is multidimensional since it covers biophysical, psychological, socio-relational, but also the spiritual dimensions of each person, and is integrated since it's reinforced by the inter-professional dialogue between nurses, physicians, sociologists, psychologists, and other health professionals. To come up with a diagnosis, nurses integrate the "cases" (the set of data/information collected through a "traditional" assessment), with the "stories" (which are directly narrated from the people themselves). Thus the proposed model combines quantitative instruments, typical of natural sciences (questionnaires, scales, tests and surveys), with qualitative ones, deriving from human sciences (interviews, the patient's agenda and narratives). The complementary use of objective and subjective methods leads to valid, consistent and standardized results, and, at the same time, makes it possible to investigate unique and subjective perceptions. Several strategies are outlined in this paper, with methods, phases and instruments related to the advanced assessment model, in order to better determine the most suitable based on the person's individual needs.
它包括数据收集、问题识别和确定优先事项，所有这些都有助于进行护理诊断。评估有助于确定一个目标，该目标通过决策过程为规划以及护理干预提供方向，而护理干预将在后期进行评估。看来，所提出的多维综合评估很有可能对护理产生重大影响。该模型具有多维性，因为它涵盖了每个人的生物物理、心理、社会关系以及精神层面；它具有综合性，因为护士、医生、社会学家、心理学家和其他健康专业人员之间的跨专业对话强化了这一模型。为了得出诊断结果，护士将“病例”（通过“传统”评估收集的数据/信息集）与“故事”（由人们自己直接讲述的内容）相结合。因此，所提出的模型将自然科学典型的定量工具（问卷、量表、测试和调查）与源自人文科学的定性工具（访谈、患者日程安排和叙述）结合起来。客观方法和主观方法的互补使用产生了有效、一致和标准化的结果，同时也能够研究独特的主观认知。本文概述了几种策略，以及与高级评估模型相关的方法、阶段和工具，以便根据个人的具体需求更好地确定最合适的方案。
