Nunstedt Håkan, Rudolfsson Gudrun, Alsén Pia, Pennbrant Sandra
Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
NORD university, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bodø, Norway.
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Dec;26(23-24):4696-4706. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13820. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
To describe how healthcare professionals facilitate patient illness understanding.
Healthcare professionals and patients differ in their illness understanding. If the information provided by healthcare professionals is not adapted to the patient's daily life, it may be unusable for the patient. Previous research has found that healthcare professionals should individualise the information to enable the patient to apply the knowledge to the personal situation and to develop illness understanding. However, little is known of how healthcare professionals can facilitate patient illness understanding.
A qualitative descriptive study based on individual, semi-structured, open-ended and face-to-face interviews was conducted with healthcare professionals (n = 11) concerning how they facilitate patients illness understanding. Three health centres were involved during the period of March to November 2014. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.
The result identified a continuous and collaborative process with three strategies used by healthcare professionals to facilitate the patient's illness understanding: (i) assess the patient's illness understanding, (ii) interact with the patient to develop illness understanding and (iii) support the patient's personal development for illness understanding. The steps in the process depend on each other.
The results of our analysis indicate that healthcare professionals can use the continuous and collaborative process to enhance the patient's self-care ability and turn his or her knowledge into action for improving illness understanding.
The three continuous and collaborative process strategies involving pedagogical approaches can create conditions for healthcare professionals to obtain a holistic view of the patient's life and to be a key resource for person-centred care.
描述医疗保健专业人员如何促进患者对疾病的理解。
医疗保健专业人员和患者对疾病的理解存在差异。如果医疗保健专业人员提供的信息不符合患者的日常生活情况，那么患者可能无法使用这些信息。先前的研究发现，医疗保健专业人员应使信息个性化，以便患者能够将知识应用于个人情况并增进对疾病的理解。然而，对于医疗保健专业人员如何促进患者对疾病的理解，人们知之甚少。
对11名医疗保健专业人员进行了基于个体、半结构化、开放式和面对面访谈的定性描述性研究，探讨他们如何促进患者对疾病的理解。2014年3月至11月期间涉及三个健康中心。采用定性内容分析法对访谈进行分析。
结果确定了一个持续的协作过程，医疗保健专业人员使用三种策略来促进患者对疾病的理解：（i）评估患者对疾病的理解，（ii）与患者互动以增进对疾病的理解，以及（iii）支持患者在理解疾病方面的个人发展。该过程中的各个步骤相互依赖。
我们的分析结果表明，医疗保健专业人员可以利用这个持续的协作过程来提高患者的自我护理能力，并将其知识转化为行动，以增进对疾病的理解。
涉及教学方法的这三个持续的协作过程策略可以为医疗保健专业人员创造条件，使其全面了解患者的生活，并成为以患者为中心的护理的关键资源。
