Addictive Behaviors Unit, Clinic Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Catalon Agency of Quality and Health Evaluation, Barcelona, Spain.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2017 Sep;36(5):578-588. doi: 10.1111/dar.12504. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Drug use accounts for one of the main disease groups in Europe, with relevant consequences to society. There is an increasing need to evaluate the economic consequences of drug use in order to develop appropriate policies. Here, we review the social costs of illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco in the European Union.
A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted. Grey literature and previous systematic reviews were also searched. Studies reporting on social costs of illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco were included. Methodology, cost components as well as costs were assessed from individual studies. To compare across studies, final costs were transformed to 2014 Euros.
Forty-five studies reported in 43 papers met the inclusion criteria (11 for illegal drugs, 26 for alcohol and 8 for tobacco). While there was a constant inclusion of direct costs related to treatment of substance use and comorbidities, there was a high variability for the rest of cost components. Total costs showed also a great variability. Price per capita for the year 2014 ranged from €0.38 to €78 for illegal drugs, from €26 to €1500 for alcohol and from €10.55 to €391 for tobacco.
Drug use imposes a heavy economic burden to Europe. However, given the high existing heterogeneity in methodologies, and in order to better assess the burden and thus to develop adequate policies, standardised methodological guidance is needed. [Barrio P, Reynolds J, García-Altés A, Gual A, Anderson P. Social costs of illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco in the European Union: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].
药物滥用是欧洲主要疾病群体之一，给社会带来相关后果。为了制定相应政策，越来越有必要评估药物使用的经济后果。在此，我们综述了欧盟非法药物、酒精和烟草的社会成本。
系统检索了相关数据库。还检索了灰色文献和先前的系统评价。纳入报告非法药物、酒精和烟草社会成本的研究。从个别研究中评估方法学、成本构成和成本。为了跨研究比较，最终成本转换为 2014 年欧元。
45 项研究报告（11 项涉及非法药物，26 项涉及酒精，8 项涉及烟草）符合纳入标准。虽然一直包括与药物使用和合并症治疗相关的直接成本，但其余成本构成部分存在很大的可变性。总成本也显示出很大的可变性。2014 年人均价格范围为非法药物 0.38 欧元至 78 欧元，酒精 26 欧元至 1500 欧元，烟草 10.55 欧元至 391 欧元。
药物滥用给欧洲带来了沉重的经济负担。然而，鉴于方法学上存在很大的异质性，为了更好地评估负担，从而制定适当的政策，需要有标准化的方法学指导。
