Nasser Fatima, Davis Adam, Valsami-Jones Eugenia, Lynch Iseult
School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2016 Nov 25;6(12):222. doi: 10.3390/nano6120222.
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are materials with at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. The small size of ENMs results in a large surface area to volume ratio, giving ENMs novel characteristics that are not traditionally exhibited by larger bulk materials. Coupled with large surface area is an enormous capacity for surface functionalization of ENMs, e.g., with different ligands or surface changes, leading to an almost infinite array of variability of ENMs. Here we explore the effects of various shaped (spheres, rods) and charged (negative, positive) gold ENMs on () in terms of survival, ENM uptake and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key factor in oxidative stress responses. We also investigate the effects of gold ENMs binding to the carapace of and how this may induce moulting inhibition in addition to toxicity and stress. The findings suggest that ENM shape and surface charge play an important role in determining ENM uptake and toxicity.
工程纳米材料（ENMs）是至少有一个维度在1至100纳米之间的材料。ENMs的小尺寸导致其具有大的表面积与体积比，赋予了ENMs一些较大块状材料传统上不具备的新特性。与大表面积相伴的是ENMs巨大的表面功能化能力，例如通过不同的配体或表面修饰，这导致了ENMs几乎无限的变异性。在这里，我们从存活率、ENM摄取以及活性氧（ROS）的产生（氧化应激反应中的关键因素）方面，探讨各种形状（球形、棒状）和带电性（负电、正电）的金ENMs对（此处原文缺失具体对象）的影响。我们还研究了金ENMs与（此处原文缺失具体对象）的甲壳结合的影响，以及这除了毒性和应激外如何可能诱导蜕皮抑制。研究结果表明，ENM的形状和表面电荷在决定ENM摄取和毒性方面起着重要作用。
