Bouzigon Romain, Arfaoui Ahlem, Grappe Frédéric, Ravier Gilles, Jarlot Benoit, Dugue Benoit
Université de Franche Comté, EA 4660, Laboratoire « Culture Sport Santé Société(C3S) », Unité de Promotion, de Formation et de Recherche (UPFR) des Sports, 31 rue de l'Epitaphe, 25000 Besançon, France; Société Cryantal Développement, 15 cours du Luzard, 77186 Noisiel, France.
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4694, laboratoire « Groupe de Recherches en Sciences Pour l'Ingénieur (GRESPI)/Biomécanique », Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) STAPS, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
J Therm Biol. 2017 Apr;65:138-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.019. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) are two methods of cold exposure (from -110 to -195°C according to the manufacturers). However, temperature measurement in the cold chamber during a PBC exposure revealed temperatures ranging from -25 to -50°C next to the skin of the subjects (using isolating layer placed between the sensor and the skin). This discrepancy is due to the human body heat transfer. Moreover, on the surface of the body, an air layer called the boundary layer is created during the exposure and limits heat transfer from the body to the cabin air. Incorporating forced convection in a chamber with a participant inside could reduce this boundary layer. The aim of this study was to explore the use of a new WBC technology based on forced convection (frontal unilateral wind) through the measurement of skin temperature. Fifteen individuals performed a 3-min WBC exposure at -40°C with an average wind speed of 2.3ms. The subjects wore a headband, a surgical mask, underwear, gloves and slippers. The skin temperature of the participants was measured with a thermal camera just before exposure, just after exposure and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20min after exposure. Mean skin temperature significantly dropped by 11°C just after exposure (p<0.001) and then significantly increased during the 20-min post exposure period (p<0.001). No critically low skin temperature was observed at the end of the cold exposure. This decrease was greater than the mean decreases in all the cryosauna devices with reported exposures between -140°C and -160°C and those in two other WBC devices with reported exposures between -60°C and -110°C. The use of this new technology provides the ability to reach decreases in skin temperature similar to other technologies. The new chamber is suitable and relevant for use as a WBC device.
全身冷冻疗法（WBC）和局部冷冻疗法（PBC）是两种冷暴露方法（根据制造商的说法，温度范围为-110至-195°C）。然而，在局部冷冻疗法暴露期间对冷室温度的测量显示，受试者皮肤旁边的温度范围为-25至-50°C（使用置于传感器和皮肤之间的隔离层）。这种差异是由于人体的热传递。此外，在暴露过程中，身体表面会形成一层称为边界层的空气层，它会限制身体向舱内空气的热传递。在有参与者的舱室内引入强制对流可以减少这个边界层。本研究的目的是通过测量皮肤温度来探索一种基于强制对流（正面单侧风）的新型全身冷冻疗法技术的应用。15名个体在-40°C下进行了3分钟的全身冷冻疗法暴露，平均风速为2.3米/秒。受试者佩戴头带、手术口罩、内衣、手套和拖鞋。在暴露前、暴露后以及暴露后1、3、5、10、15和20分钟，用热成像仪测量参与者的皮肤温度。暴露后皮肤平均温度立即显著下降11°C（p<0.001），然后在暴露后的20分钟内显著升高（p<0.001）。在冷暴露结束时未观察到极低的皮肤温度。这种下降幅度大于所有报告暴露温度在-140°C至-160°C之间的冷冻桑拿设备以及另外两种报告暴露温度在-60°C至-110°C之间的全身冷冻疗法设备的平均下降幅度。这种新技术的使用能够使皮肤温度下降幅度与其他技术相似。这个新舱室适合且适用于作为全身冷冻疗法设备使用。
