Cuttell Saul, Hammond Lucy, Langdon Dominic, Costello Joseph
University of Northampton, Park Campus, Boughton Green road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK.
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
J Therm Biol. 2017 Apr;65:41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.01.014. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) on a range of thermoregulatory measures. We also sought to examine the influence of sex and body composition. A convenience sample of 18 healthy participants (10 males and 8 females) (27±6yr) volunteered for this study. Temperature (core, tympanic, skin and mean body), heart rate, blood pressure, and thermal comfort and sensation were recorded pre- and post- (immediately and every 5min until 35min post) exposure to a single bout of WBC (30s at -60°C, 150s at 110°C). Anthropometric data (height, weight, body surface area, body mass index, fat mass and fat free mass) were also recorded. No significant differences in temperature (core, tympanic, skin and mean body), heart rate, blood pressure, or thermal comfort / sensation were observed between male and females at baseline. Immediately post WBC mean body (male:31.9±0.8°C; female:31.0±0.9°C; ∆ mean body temperature:0.9±0.1°C; P≤0.05, d=0.64) and mean skin (male:22.1±2.2°C; female:19.6±2.8°C; ∆ mean skin temperature:-2.5±0.6°C; d=0.99, P≤0.05) temperature was significantly different between sexes. Sex differences were also observed in regional skin temperature (male thigh, 20.8±1.1°C; female thigh, 16.7±1.1°C, ∆ mean thigh skin temperature:-4.1°C; d=3.72; male calf, 20.5±1.1°C; female calf, 18.2±1°C, ∆ mean calf skin temperature:-2.3±0.1°C; d=3.61; male arm, 21.7±1°C; female arm, 19±0.4°C, ∆ mean arm skin temperature: -2.7±0.3°C; d=3.54; P≤0.05). Mean arterial pressure was significantly different over time (P≤0.001) and between sexes (male 0mins:94±10mmHg; female 0mins:85±7mmHg; male 35mins:88±7mmHg; female 35mins:80±6mmHg; P≤0.05). Combined data set indicated a strong negative relationship between skin temperature and body fat percentage 35min' post WBC (r=-0.749, P≤0.001) and for core temperature and body mass index in males only (r=0.726, P≤0.05) immediately after WBC. There were no significant differences between sexes in any other variables (heart rate, tympanic and perceptual variables). We observed sex differences in mean skin and mean body temperature following exposure to whole body cryotherapy. In an attempt to optimise treatment, these differences should be taken into account if whole body cryotherapy is prescribed.
本研究的目的是调查全身冷冻疗法（WBC）对一系列体温调节指标的影响。我们还试图研究性别和身体成分的影响。18名健康参与者（10名男性和8名女性）（27±6岁）的便利样本自愿参与本研究。在单次WBC暴露前和暴露后（立即以及暴露后每隔5分钟直至35分钟）记录温度（核心温度、鼓膜温度、皮肤温度和平均体温）、心率、血压以及热舒适度和感觉。还记录了人体测量数据（身高、体重、体表面积、体重指数、脂肪量和去脂体重）。在基线时，男性和女性在温度（核心温度、鼓膜温度、皮肤温度和平均体温）、心率、血压或热舒适度/感觉方面未观察到显著差异。WBC暴露后立即，平均体温（男性：31.9±0.8°C；女性：31.0±0.9°C；平均体温变化：0.9±0.1°C；P≤0.05，d=0.64）和平均皮肤温度（男性：22.1±2.2°C；女性：19.6±2.8°C；平均皮肤温度变化：-2.5±0.6°C；d=0.99，P≤0.05）在性别之间存在显著差异。在局部皮肤温度方面也观察到了性别差异（男性大腿，20.8±1.1°C；女性大腿，16.7±1.1°C，平均大腿皮肤温度变化：-4.1°C；d=3.72；男性小腿，20.5±1.1°C；女性小腿，18.2±1°C，平均小腿皮肤温度变化：-2.3±0.1°C；d=3.61；男性手臂，21.7±1°C；女性手臂，19±0.4°C，平均手臂皮肤温度变化：-2.7±0.3°C；d=3.54；P≤0.05）。平均动脉压随时间有显著差异（P≤0.001），且在性别之间也有显著差异（男性0分钟：94±10mmHg；女性0分钟：85±7mmHg；男性35分钟：88±7mmHg；女性35分钟：80±6mmHg；P≤0.05）。综合数据集表明，WBC后35分钟皮肤温度与身体脂肪百分比之间存在强负相关（r=-0.749，P≤0.001），且仅在男性中WBC后立即核心温度与体重指数之间存在强负相关（r=0.726，P≤0.05）。在任何其他变量（心率、鼓膜温度和感知变量）方面，性别之间均无显著差异。我们观察到全身冷冻疗法暴露后平均皮肤温度和平均体温存在性别差异。为了优化治疗，如果开具全身冷冻疗法的处方，应考虑这些差异。
