Wubante Amarech Asratie
West Gojjam Zonal Health Department, Finoteselam, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 27;12(3):e0174624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174624. eCollection 2017.
Malnutrition is the top cause of global burden of disease, disability and mortality among infants. Over two-thirds of deaths of children globally occur during the first year of life (infancy). Malnutrition among infants is substantially high in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess determinants of infant nutritional status.
A community based nested case-control study was conducted from February to June 2013 in Dabat district. A total of 80 cases and 320 controls (1:4 ratios) were studied. Relevant data was extracted from the community based survey data set. Anthroplus software was used to identify cases and controls. Determinants of infant nutritional status were identified using multivariate analysis.
Among the total of 80 cases and 320 controls, more than half (52.5%) of the cases and the controls (53.8%) were males and females, respectively. Breast Feeding (BF) was started immediately after birth in only 43.8% of the cases. Nearly 94% of the mothers of the cases had no breast feeding information as part of Ante Natal Care (ANC) follow up. Maternal age (AOR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.76), having radio (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.82), lack of toilet facility (AOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.16-4.33), deprivation of colostrum (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) and method of complementary feeding (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.33-5.99) were associated with wasting.
This study has found that inappropriate infant feeding; nutritional information gap and lack of toilet facility as significant predictors of malnutrition. Hence, joint interventions, including counseling of mothers about benefits of colostrum feeding and use of appropriate feeding method, toilet utilization and mass media such as radio possession, are needed to address the problem in Dabat district.
营养不良是全球婴儿疾病负担、残疾和死亡的首要原因。全球超过三分之二的儿童死亡发生在生命的第一年（婴儿期）。埃塞俄比亚婴儿的营养不良率相当高。因此，本研究旨在评估婴儿营养状况的决定因素。
2013年2月至6月在达巴特地区进行了一项基于社区的巢式病例对照研究。共研究了80例病例和320名对照（比例为1:4）。相关数据从基于社区的调查数据集中提取。使用Anthroplus软件识别病例和对照。通过多变量分析确定婴儿营养状况的决定因素。
在80例病例和320名对照中，病例组中超过一半（52.5%）为男性，对照组中53.8%为女性。仅43.8%的病例在出生后立即开始母乳喂养。近94%的病例母亲在产前保健随访中没有母乳喂养信息。母亲年龄（调整后比值比：0.29；95%置信区间：0.11 - 0.76）、拥有收音机（调整后比值比：0.43；95%置信区间：0.22 - 0.82）、缺乏卫生设施（调整后比值比：2.24；95%置信区间：1.16 - 4.33）、未摄入初乳（调整后比值比：1.76；95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.06）和辅食喂养方法（调整后比值比：2.82；95%置信区间：1.33 - 5.99）与消瘦有关。
本研究发现，不适当的婴儿喂养、营养信息差距和缺乏卫生设施是营养不良的重要预测因素。因此，需要采取联合干预措施，包括向母亲宣传初乳喂养的益处、使用适当的喂养方法、卫生设施的使用以及拥有收音机等大众媒体，以解决达巴特地区的这一问题。
