Tsatsakis Aristidis M, Nawaz Muhammad Amjad, Kouretas Demetrios, Balias Georgios, Savolainen Kai, Tutelyan Victor A, Golokhvast Kirill S, Lee Jeong Dong, Yang Seung Hwan, Chung Gyuhwa
Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Educational Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation.
Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:818-833. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
Powerful scientific techniques have caused dramatic expansion of genetically modified crops leading to altered agricultural practices posing direct and indirect environmental implications. Despite the enhanced yield potential, risks and biosafety concerns associated with such GM crops are the fundamental issues to be addressed. An increasing interest can be noted among the researchers and policy makers in exploring unintended effects of transgenes associated with gene flow, flow of naked DNA, weediness and chemical toxicity. The current state of knowledge reveals that GM crops impart damaging impacts on the environment such as modification in crop pervasiveness or invasiveness, the emergence of herbicide and insecticide tolerance, transgene stacking and disturbed biodiversity, but these impacts require a more in-depth view and critical research so as to unveil further facts. Most of the reviewed scientific resources provide similar conclusions and currently there is an insufficient amount of data available and up until today, the consumption of GM plant products are safe for consumption to a greater extent with few exceptions. This paper updates the undesirable impacts of GM crops and their products on target and non-target species and attempts to shed light on the emerging challenges and threats associated with it. Underpinning research also realizes the influence of GM crops on a disturbance in biodiversity, development of resistance and evolution slightly resembles with the effects of non-GM cultivation. Future prospects are also discussed.
强大的科学技术已使转基因作物急剧扩张，导致农业生产方式改变，带来直接和间接的环境影响。尽管转基因作物具有更高的增产潜力，但与之相关的风险和生物安全问题仍是需要解决的根本问题。研究人员和政策制定者对探索与基因流动、裸DNA流动、杂草性和化学毒性相关的转基因非预期效应的兴趣日益浓厚。目前的知识状况表明，转基因作物会对环境造成破坏性影响，如作物普遍性或入侵性的改变、除草剂和杀虫剂耐受性的出现、转基因叠加以及生物多样性受到干扰，但这些影响需要更深入的观察和批判性研究，以便揭示更多事实。大多数经过审查的科学资源都给出了类似的结论，目前可用数据不足，直到今天，除了少数例外情况，转基因植物产品在很大程度上食用是安全的。本文更新了转基因作物及其产品对目标和非目标物种的不良影响，并试图阐明与之相关的新出现的挑战和威胁。相关研究还认识到转基因作物对生物多样性干扰、抗性发展和进化的影响与非转基因种植的影响略有相似。本文还讨论了未来前景。
