Blanchard Guy B
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 May 19;372(1720). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0513.
Computer-assisted tracking of the shapes of many cells over long periods of development has driven the exploration of novel ways to quantify the contributions of different cell behaviours to morphogenesis. A handful of similar methods have now been published that are used to calculate tissue deformations (strain rates) in epithelia. These methods are further used to quantify strain rates attributable to each of the cell behaviours in the tissue, such as cell shape change, cell rearrangement and cell division, that together sum to the tissue strain rates. In this review, aimed at developmental biologists, I will introduce the general approach, characterize differences in current approaches and highlight extensions of these methods that remain to be fully explored. The methods will make a major contribution to the emerging field of tissue mechanics. Precisely quantified strain rates are an essential first step towards exploring constitutive equations relating stress to strain via tissue mechanical properties.This article is part of the themed issue 'Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware'.
在长时间的发育过程中，利用计算机辅助追踪许多细胞的形状，推动了人们探索新方法，以量化不同细胞行为对形态发生的贡献。目前已经发表了一些类似的方法，用于计算上皮组织中的组织变形（应变率）。这些方法还进一步用于量化组织中每种细胞行为所导致的应变率，如细胞形状变化、细胞重排和细胞分裂，它们共同构成了组织应变率。在这篇面向发育生物学家的综述中，我将介绍一般方法，描述当前方法的差异，并强调这些方法中仍有待充分探索的扩展内容。这些方法将对新兴的组织力学领域做出重大贡献。精确量化的应变率是通过组织力学特性探索应力与应变关系的本构方程的重要第一步。本文是主题为“系统形态动力学：理解组织硬件的发育”的特刊的一部分。
