Alt Silvanus, Ganguly Poulami, Salbreux Guillaume
The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 May 19;372(1720). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0520.
Tissue morphogenesis requires the collective, coordinated motion and deformation of a large number of cells. Vertex model simulations for tissue mechanics have been developed to bridge the scales between force generation at the cellular level and tissue deformation and flows. We review here various formulations of vertex models that have been proposed for describing tissues in two and three dimensions. We discuss a generic formulation using a virtual work differential, and we review applications of vertex models to biological morphogenetic processes. We also highlight recent efforts to obtain continuum theories of tissue mechanics, which are effective, coarse-grained descriptions of vertex models.This article is part of the themed issue 'Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware'.
组织形态发生需要大量细胞的集体、协调运动和变形。已经开发了用于组织力学的顶点模型模拟，以弥合细胞水平上的力产生与组织变形和流动之间的尺度差异。我们在此回顾为描述二维和三维组织而提出的各种顶点模型公式。我们讨论了使用虚功微分的通用公式，并回顾了顶点模型在生物形态发生过程中的应用。我们还强调了最近为获得组织力学连续统理论所做的努力，这些理论是顶点模型的有效、粗粒度描述。本文是主题为“系统形态动力学：理解组织硬件的发育”的特刊的一部分。
