Buonsenso Danilo, Serranti Daniele, Focarelli Benedetta, Chiaretti Antonio, Calzedda Roberta, Valentini Piero
Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Open Med (Wars). 2014 Nov 3;10(1):63-69. doi: 10.1515/med-2015-0012. eCollection 2015.
Children bear a substantial part of the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic worldwide, and it is estimated that there were ≅ 500.000 childhood TB cases globally in 2010, although accurate data are problematic to obtain given the many difficulties associated with TB diagnosis in children and the weaknesses of surveillance systems in countries where TB is endemic. The World Health Organization is working hard in order to reduce the TB prevalence rates and deaths by half by 2015. In this challenge, general practitioners and pediatricians play a key role in detecting early cases of suspected TB and sending them to experts in infectious diseases. This will reduce delayed diagnosis and the spread of disease, which is especially important now that the prevalence of multidrug resistant TB is increasing. For this reason, the purpose of this report was to delineate the characteristic clinical features of the most common forms of pediatric TB and to suggest a rational and practical approach to the disease underlining the role of patients and parents personal and clinical history.
儿童是全球结核病流行的主要受害者。据估计，2010年全球约有50万例儿童结核病病例，然而鉴于儿童结核病诊断存在诸多困难以及结核病流行国家监测系统的薄弱，准确数据难以获取。世界卫生组织正在努力工作，以期到2015年将结核病患病率和死亡率减半。在这一挑战中，全科医生和儿科医生在发现疑似结核病早期病例并将其转诊给传染病专家方面发挥着关键作用。这将减少诊断延误和疾病传播，鉴于耐多药结核病患病率正在上升，这一点尤为重要。因此，本报告的目的是描述最常见儿童结核病形式的特征性临床特点，并提出一种合理实用的疾病诊疗方法，强调患者及其父母个人史和临床病史的作用。
