Laraqui Omar, Laraqui Salwa, Manar Nadia, Sahraoui Mohammed Yassin, Sebbar Lamia, Ghailan Tarik, Deschamps Frédéric, Laraqui Chakib El Houssine
Ecole Supérieure D'ingénierie De La Santé, Casablanca, Morocco, Morocco; Association Marocaine De Recherche En Santé Au Travail, 39, Bd Lalla Yacout, Casablanca, Morocco, Morocco.
Int Marit Health. 2017;68(2):83-89. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2017.0016.
The aim was to investigate the potential fishermen's psychological functioning which induces risk-taking behaviours by evaluating the ordalique functioning.
This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in three ports of northern Morocco in 2016 and concerned 1413 traditional fishermen working in small embarkations and 1049 administrative staff working in the maritime sector on land. Both groups were male, comparable for age and educational level. The survey support was an individual questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, toxic habits and ordalique functioning questionnaire (le questionnaire de fonctionnement ordalique, QFO). It is composed of 42 items and four dimensions which are evaluated: risk-taking, transgression, positive representation of risk-taking and believes.
The prevalence of the ordalique behaviour and its four dimensions was significantly higher among traditional fishermen than administrative staff on land; 66.4% vs. 33.6% (p < 0.0001) for risk-taking, 65.2% vs. 34.8% (p < 0.0001) for transgression, 60.4% vs. 39.6% (p < 0.0001) for positive representation, 59.8% vs. 51.2% (p < 0.0001) for believes. For all range ages, the prevalence of ordalique functioning was higher among fishermen than administrative staff on land. Among fishermen, the prevalence of the was significantly higher among the under 40 years old (69.1% vs. 54.7%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of toxic habits among ordalique fishermen was significantly greater than no-ordalique ones: tobacco (54.5% vs. 48.6%, p < 0.035), alcohol (42.8% vs. 32.4%, p < 0.0001), cannabis (34.8% vs. 26.6%, p < 0.0001), psychotropic drugs (13.8% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.081) and a combination of toxic habits (27.7% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.0001).
Ordalique behaviour among fishermen may explain the partial failure of preventive measures in this sector. Risk-taking behaviours into account in the safety system could reduce occupational hazards in the fishery.
目的是通过评估冒险功能来调查诱发冒险行为的潜在渔民心理功能。
这项横断面流行病学研究于2016年在摩洛哥北部的三个港口进行，涉及1413名在小型船只上工作的传统渔民和1049名在陆上海洋部门工作的行政人员。两组均为男性，年龄和教育水平相当。调查工具是一份个人问卷，涵盖社会人口学特征、有毒习惯和冒险功能问卷（le questionnaire de fonctionnement ordalique，QFO）。它由42个项目和四个维度组成，分别对冒险、违规、冒险的积极表现和信念进行评估。
传统渔民中冒险行为及其四个维度的患病率显著高于陆上行政人员；冒险方面为66.4%对33.6%（p<0.0001），违规方面为65.2%对34.8%（p<0.0001），积极表现方面为60.4%对39.6%（p<0.0001），信念方面为59.8%对51.2%（p<0.0001）。在所有年龄段中，渔民中冒险功能的患病率高于陆上行政人员。在渔民中，40岁以下人群的患病率显著更高（69.1%对54.7%，p<0.0001）。冒险渔民中有毒习惯的患病率显著高于非冒险渔民：烟草（54.5%对48.6%，p<0.035）、酒精（42.8%对32.4%，p<0.0001）、大麻（34.8%对26.6%，p<0.0001）、精神药物（13.8%对10.4%，p<0.081）以及有毒习惯的组合（27.7%对19.6%，p<0.0001）。
渔民中的冒险行为可能解释了该行业预防措施的部分失败。安全系统中考虑冒险行为可以减少渔业中的职业危害。
