Fisher Gwenith G, Chaffee Dorey S, Tetrick Lois E, Davalos Deana B, Potter Guy G
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University.
Department of Psychology, George Mason University.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2017 Jul;22(3):314-336. doi: 10.1037/ocp0000086. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
There is a larger proportion and number of older adults in the labor force than ever before. Furthermore, older adults in the workforce are working until later ages. Although a great deal of research has examined physical health and well-being of working older adults, less research has focused on cognitive functioning. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad contemporary and multidisciplinary review of the intersection between cognitive functioning, aging, and work as a follow-up to a paper previously written by Fisher et al. (2014). We begin by providing definitions and background about cognitive functioning and how it changes over the life span. Next we discuss theories relevant to the intersection of cognitive functioning and work, including the use-it-or-lose-it hypothesis, the cognitive reserve hypothesis, hypotheses regarding environmental influences on intellectual functioning, and the job-demands-resources model. Then we summarize recent research about the effects of work on cognitive functioning, as well as ways that cognitive functioning may influence work motivation, learning, development, training, and safety. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of person-environment fit, suggesting avenues for future research, and discussing practical implications for the field of occupational health psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record
劳动力中老年人的比例和数量比以往任何时候都要高。此外，劳动力中的老年人工作的年龄越来越大。尽管大量研究探讨了在职老年人的身体健康和幸福状况，但关注认知功能的研究较少。本文的目的是对认知功能、衰老和工作之间的交叉领域进行广泛的当代多学科综述，作为对费舍尔等人（2014年）之前撰写的一篇论文的后续研究。我们首先提供关于认知功能的定义和背景，以及它在整个生命周期中的变化。接下来，我们讨论与认知功能和工作交叉领域相关的理论，包括“用进废退”假说、认知储备假说、关于环境对智力功能影响的假说，以及工作需求-资源模型。然后，我们总结了关于工作对认知功能影响的最新研究，以及认知功能可能影响工作动机、学习、发展、培训和安全的方式。我们强调人-环境匹配的重要性，提出未来研究的途径，并讨论对职业健康心理学领域的实际影响，以此作为结论。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
