Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands.
Nat Commun. 2017 Mar 31;8:14730. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14730.
Melting of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) and its peripheral glaciers and ice caps (GICs) contributes about 43% to contemporary sea level rise. While patterns of GrIS mass loss are well studied, the spatial and temporal evolution of GICs mass loss and the acting processes have remained unclear. Here we use a novel, 1 km surface mass balance product, evaluated against in situ and remote sensing data, to identify 1997 (±5 years) as a tipping point for GICs mass balance. That year marks the onset of a rapid deterioration in the capacity of the GICs firn to refreeze meltwater. Consequently, GICs runoff increases 65% faster than meltwater production, tripling the post-1997 mass loss to 36±16 Gt, or ∼14% of the Greenland total. In sharp contrast, the extensive inland firn of the GrIS retains most of its refreezing capacity for now, buffering 22% of the increased meltwater production. This underlines the very different response of the GICs and GrIS to atmospheric warming.
格陵兰冰原（GrIS）及其周边冰川和冰帽（GICs）的融化导致了当代海平面上升的约 43%。虽然格陵兰冰原质量损失的模式已经得到了很好的研究，但 GICs 质量损失的时空演变及其作用过程仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用一种新的、1km 分辨率的地表质量平衡产品，该产品通过对原位和遥感数据的评估，确定 1997 年（±5 年）是 GICs 质量平衡的一个转折点。这一年标志着 GICs 雪层重新冻结融化水的能力迅速恶化。因此，GICs 的径流量增加了 65%，比融水产量增加快 65%，导致 1997 年后的质量损失增加了三倍，达到 36±16 Gt，约占格陵兰岛总质量的 14%。相比之下，GrIS 广阔的内陆雪层目前仍保留了大部分的再冻结能力，缓冲了增加的融水产量的 22%。这突显了 GICs 和 GrIS 对大气变暖的反应非常不同。
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