Blankert Tim, Hamstra Melvyn R W
Maastricht University School of Business and Economics.
Basic Appl Soc Psych. 2017 Jan 2;39(1):60-67. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2016.1255947. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
Imagery (richly imagining carrying out a task successfully) is a popular performance-enhancement tool in many domains. This experiment sought to test whether pursuing two goals (vs. one) benefits performance after an imagery exercise. We examined mastery goals (aiming to improve skill level) and performance goals (aiming to outperform others) among 65 tennis players who were assigned to a mastery goal condition, a performance goal condition, or a mastery goal performance goal condition. After reading instructions for a service task, which included the goal manipulation, participants completed 20 tennis services. They then completed an imagery exercise and, finally, completed another 20 services. Postimagery service performance was better in the dual-goal condition than in the other conditions.
表象训练（即生动地想象成功执行一项任务）是许多领域中一种流行的提高表现的工具。本实验旨在测试在进行表象训练后，追求两个目标（相对于一个目标）是否对表现有益。我们在65名网球运动员中考察了掌握目标（旨在提高技能水平）和成绩目标（旨在超越他人），这些运动员被分配到掌握目标组、成绩目标组或掌握目标-成绩目标组。在阅读了包括目标操控在内的发球任务说明后，参与者完成了20次网球发球。然后他们进行了表象训练，最后又完成了20次发球。表象训练后的发球表现，双目标组比其他组更好。
