利用互联网搜索数据监测美国、英国和墨西哥轮状病毒疫苗的影响。
Use of Internet Search Data to Monitor Rotavirus Vaccine Impact in the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico.
机构信息
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia.
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Public Health Scientific Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
出版信息
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 Feb 19;7(1):56-63. doi: 10.1093/jpids/pix004.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found a strong correlation between internet search and public health surveillance data. Less is known about how search data respond to public health interventions, such as vaccination, and the consistency of responses in different countries. In this study, we aimed to study the correlation between internet searches for "rotavirus" and rotavirus disease activity in the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccine.
METHODS
We compared time series of internet searches for "rotavirus" from Google Trends with rotavirus laboratory reports from the United States and United Kingdom and with hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis in the United States and Mexico. Using time and location parameters, Google quantifies an internet query share (IQS) to measure the relative search volume for specific terms. We analyzed the correlation between IQS and laboratory and hospitalization data before and after national vaccine introductions.
RESULTS
There was a strong positive correlation between the rotavirus IQS and laboratory reports in the United States (R2 = 0.79) and United Kingdom (R2 = 0.60) and between the rotavirus IQS and acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations in the United States (R2 = 0.87) and Mexico (R2 = 0.69) (P < .0001 for all correlations). The correlations were stronger in the prevaccine period than in the postvaccine period. After vaccine introduction, the mean rotavirus IQS decreased by 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%-55%) in the United States and by 70% (95% CI, 55%-86%) in Mexico. In the United Kingdom, there was a loss of seasonal variation after vaccine introduction.
CONCLUSIONS
Rotavirus internet search data trends mirrored national rotavirus laboratory trends in the United States and United Kingdom and gastroenteritis-hospitalization data in the United States and Mexico; lower correlations were found after rotavirus vaccine introduction.
背景
先前的研究发现，互联网搜索与公共卫生监测数据之间存在很强的相关性。但人们对搜索数据如何响应公共卫生干预措施（如疫苗接种）以及不同国家的响应一致性了解较少。在本研究中，我们旨在研究美国、英国和墨西哥在引入轮状病毒疫苗前后，互联网上对“轮状病毒”的搜索与轮状病毒疾病活动之间的相关性。
方法
我们比较了谷歌趋势中的“轮状病毒”互联网搜索时间序列与美国和英国的轮状病毒实验室报告以及美国和墨西哥的急性胃肠炎住院数据。谷歌使用时间和位置参数来量化互联网查询份额（IQS），以衡量特定术语的相对搜索量。我们分析了在国家引入疫苗前后，IQS 与实验室和住院数据之间的相关性。
结果
在美国（R2=0.79）和英国（R2=0.60），轮状病毒 IQS 与实验室报告之间存在很强的正相关关系，在美国（R2=0.87）和墨西哥（R2=0.69），轮状病毒 IQS 与急性胃肠炎住院数据之间存在很强的正相关关系（所有相关性 P<0.0001）。在疫苗接种前，相关性强于疫苗接种后。在美国，轮状病毒疫苗接种后，轮状病毒 IQS 平均下降 40%（95%置信区间 [CI]，25%-55%），在墨西哥下降 70%（95% CI，55%-86%）。在英国，疫苗接种后，季节性变化消失。
结论
轮状病毒互联网搜索数据趋势与美国和英国的国家轮状病毒实验室趋势以及美国和墨西哥的胃肠炎住院数据相吻合；在轮状病毒疫苗接种后，相关性降低。
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