a Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA.
b Vaccine Preventable Disease Surveillance Unit , Minnesota Department of Health , St. Paul , MN , USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(9):2222-2238. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1474310. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
In late September 2016, the Americas became the first region in the world to have eliminated endemic transmission of measles virus. Several other countries have also verified measles elimination, and countries in all six World Health Organization regions have adopted measles elimination goals. The public health strategies used to respond to measles outbreaks in elimination settings are thus becoming relevant to more countries. This review highlights the strategies used to limit measles spread in elimination settings: (1) assembly of an outbreak control committee; (2) isolation of measles cases while infectious; (3) exclusion and quarantining of individuals without evidence of immunity; (4) vaccination of susceptible individuals; (5) use of immunoglobulin to prevent measles in exposed susceptible high-risk persons; (6) and maintaining laboratory proficiency for confirmation of measles. Deciding on the extent of containment efforts should be based on the expected benefit of reactive interventions, balanced against the logistical challenges in implementing them.
2016 年 9 月下旬，美洲成为世界上首个消灭麻疹病毒地方性传播的地区。还有其他几个国家也已核实消灭了麻疹，世卫组织所有六个区域的国家都制定了消灭麻疹目标。因此，在消灭麻疹的环境中用于应对麻疹暴发的公共卫生策略与更多国家相关。本综述重点介绍了在消灭环境中限制麻疹传播所使用的策略：（1）组建暴发控制委员会；（2）隔离麻疹病例，同时具有传染性；（3）排除和隔离无免疫力证据的个人；（4）对易感人群进行疫苗接种；（5）使用免疫球蛋白预防接触性高风险易感人群的麻疹；（6）保持实验室能力以确认麻疹。决定遏制努力的范围应基于反应性干预措施的预期效益，同时权衡实施这些干预措施的后勤挑战。
