Ravilov Rustam Kh, Rizvanov Albert A, Mingaleev Danil N, Galeeva Antonina G, Zakirova Elena Yu, Shuralev Eduard A, Rutland Catrin S, Khammadov Nail I, Efimova Marina A
Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia.
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 11;9:830244. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.830244. eCollection 2022.
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs, with mortality rates a primary focus as they can reach up to 100%. The widespread and colossal economic losses from ASF have impacts on the development of animal husbandry practices in most countries within Africa, Asia, and Europe. Currently, a variety of approaches toward the development of vaccines against ASF are being employed. A promising new concept centered around more economical and time-consuming vaccine production is based on the use of viral vectors to deliver selected immunogens. This review discusses the results obtained from testing various viral vectors as carriers of targeted ASF virus genes. The safety and prospects of viral vectors, the possibilities around modulating cellular and humoral immune responses by choosing genes expressing immunodominant antigens, and the degree of protection in experimental animals from infection with a lethal dose of virulent ASF virus strains have been shown and discussed.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种影响猪的高度传染性病毒性疾病，死亡率是主要关注点，因为死亡率可达100%。ASF造成的广泛且巨大的经济损失对非洲、亚洲和欧洲大多数国家的畜牧业发展产生了影响。目前，正在采用多种方法来研发针对ASF的疫苗。一个围绕更经济且耗时的疫苗生产的有前景的新概念基于使用病毒载体来递送选定的免疫原。本综述讨论了测试各种病毒载体作为靶向ASF病毒基因载体所获得的结果。已展示并讨论了病毒载体的安全性和前景、通过选择表达免疫显性抗原的基因来调节细胞免疫和体液免疫反应的可能性，以及实验动物在感染致死剂量的强毒ASF病毒株时的保护程度。
