Kliewer Wendy, Robins Jo Lynne W
1 Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
2 Department of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Biol Res Nurs. 2017 Jul;19(4):428-439. doi: 10.1177/1099800417702742. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
To investigate associations between components of cumulative risk (CR) and physiological stress responses in African American adolescents and evaluate emotion regulation as a mediator and sex as a moderator of these associations.
Cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) were collected in adolescents ( N = 205; 55% female; 12.1 ± 1.6 years at baseline) as part of a longitudinal study of stress and adjustment in families. CR was assessed at baseline and emotion regulation was assessed at baseline and 2 years later at Wave 3 (W3) using caregiver and adolescent reports. Cortisol and sAA responses to the social competence interview were assessed at W3.
Repeated-measures analyses of variance predicting cortisol and controlling for time of day, adolescent age, medication usage, and pubertal status revealed significant interactions of time with both psychosocial and sociodemographic risk. In both analyses, youths with higher levels of risk showed a steeper decline in cortisol than youths with lower levels of risk. In parallel analyses predicting sAA, time interacted with psychosocial but not with sociodemographic risk. There were no interactions with sex in any of the analyses. Although CR was associated with changes in emotion regulation, there was no evidence that these changes accounted for the observed CR-stress response associations.
These findings illustrate the potential importance of disentangling CR and suggest that additional work is needed to help explicate why and how CR is associated with specific physiological responses to stress.
探讨非裔美国青少年累积风险（CR）各组成部分与生理应激反应之间的关联，并评估情绪调节作为这些关联的中介以及性别作为调节因素的作用。
作为家庭压力与适应纵向研究的一部分，收集了青少年（N = 205；55%为女性；基线时年龄为12.1±1.6岁）的皮质醇和唾液α淀粉酶（sAA）。在基线时评估CR，在基线和2年后的第3波（W3）使用照顾者和青少年的报告评估情绪调节。在W3评估对社交能力访谈的皮质醇和sAA反应。
预测皮质醇并控制每日时间、青少年年龄、药物使用和青春期状态的重复测量方差分析显示，时间与心理社会风险和社会人口学风险均存在显著交互作用。在两项分析中，风险水平较高的青少年的皮质醇下降幅度均比风险水平较低的青少年更大。在预测sAA的平行分析中，时间与心理社会风险存在交互作用，但与社会人口学风险不存在交互作用。在任何分析中均未发现与性别的交互作用。尽管CR与情绪调节的变化有关，但没有证据表明这些变化能够解释观察到的CR-应激反应关联。
这些发现说明了区分CR的潜在重要性，并表明需要开展更多工作以帮助阐明CR为何以及如何与特定的应激生理反应相关联。
