Functional Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy.
School of Specialization in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Aug;53(4):516-520. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04371-4. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) is a widely-used tool aimed to evaluate trunk motor impairment for stroke patients. A validation trial of a translated form of the TIS was never conducted within an Italian population.
To describe translation, cultural adaptation, and validation (internal consistency, reliability, and validity) of the Italian version of the TIS (TIS-I).
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire.
Inpatient rehabilitation ward.
Sub-acute stroke patients.
The TIS-I was developed involving forward-backward translation to establish correspondence with the original English latest version. Psychometric testing included internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (ICC and Kappa), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Concurrent validity was estimated by comparing the TIS-I to the Trunk Control Test, balance subscore of the Fugl-Meyer (FM-BAL) and the mobility section of the Lindmark motor assessment chart (LIND-MOB), and construct validity by comparing the TIS-I to Barthel Index (BI) (Spearman rank correlation coefficient).
The scale was administered to 41 subjects, showing internal consistency ranged from 0.79 to 0.88. ICC values ranged from 0.725 to 0.933 for inter-rater reliability, with the SEM ranging from 0.52 to 1.11, and from 0.770 to 0.911 for intra-rater reliability, with SEM ranging from 0.52 to 1.64. MDC ranged from 1.44 to 4.55. Kappa values ranged from moderate to almost perfect. Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the TIS-I and the BI, LIND-MOB and FM-BAL was 0.63, 0.79 and 0.74 (P<0.001), respectively. Correlation coefficient between the TIS-I and the TCT was 0.81 (P<0.001).
This study supports the reliability and the validity of the TIS-I as measure of motor impairment of the trunk after stroke.
The TIS-I can be used in daily clinical practice and in research.
Trunk Impairment Scale（TIS）是一种广泛用于评估中风患者躯干运动障碍的工具。在意大利人群中，从未进行过对 TIS 翻译版本的验证试验。
描述 TIS 的意大利语版本（TIS-I）的翻译、文化适应和验证（内部一致性、可靠性和有效性）。
对翻译后、文化适应的问卷进行心理测量学特性评估。
住院康复病房。
亚急性中风患者。
TIS-I 的开发涉及到前后翻译，以与原始英语最新版本保持一致。心理测量测试包括内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha）和内部和外部评估者之间的可靠性（ICC 和 Kappa）、测量标准误差（SEM）和最小可检测变化（MDC）。通过与 Trunk Control Test、Fugl-Meyer 平衡子量表（FM-BAL）和 Lindmark 运动评估图的移动部分（LIND-MOB）进行比较，来评估同时效度，通过与 Barthel 指数（BI）（Spearman 等级相关系数）进行比较，来评估结构效度。
该量表共纳入 41 例患者，显示内部一致性范围为 0.79 至 0.88。ICC 值在内部评估者之间的可靠性范围为 0.725 至 0.933，SEM 范围为 0.52 至 1.11，在外部评估者之间的可靠性范围为 0.770 至 0.911，SEM 范围为 0.52 至 1.64。MDC 范围为 1.44 至 4.55。Kappa 值从中度到几乎完美。TIS-I 与 BI、LIND-MOB 和 FM-BAL 之间的 Spearman 等级相关系数分别为 0.63、0.79 和 0.74（P<0.001）。TIS-I 与 TCT 之间的相关系数为 0.81（P<0.001）。
本研究支持 TIS-I 作为中风后躯干运动障碍的测量工具的可靠性和有效性。
TIS-I 可用于日常临床实践和研究。
