Tsankova Gabriela St, Todorova Tatina T, Ermenlieva Neli M, Popova Tsvetelina K, Tsankova Dayana T
Department of Preclinical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 3 Bregalnica St., 9000 Varna.
Medical College, Medical University of Varna, Varna.
Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2017 Mar 1;59(1):63-69. doi: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0005.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is an acute, self-limited liver disease transmitted usually through the faecal-oral route via person-to-person contact. Bulgaria has intermediate HAV endemicity with higher susceptibility among adults and recurrent outbreaks.
As HAV infection is strongly related to human movements and represents a significant risk to travelers and migrants, as well as to local population receiving these groups, we set out to analyze the epidemiological data on hepatitis A in five of the largest tourist border regions of Bulgaria located in its eastern part: Varna, Shumen, Dobrich, Burgas and Yambol.
We reviewed retrospectively all reported cases of acute hepatitis A in the eastern regions of Bulgaria over a 7-year period between 2008 and 2014.
A total of 2879 newly infected patients were registered during the study period, the number varying widely: from 190 cases in 2014 to 923 in 2012. The average incidence of HAV was higher in the south-eastern regions than in the northeastern regions (55.30%000 vs 15.04%000 respectively, p < 0.0001). The most affected age group in all regions was the 5-9-year olds (p < 0.0001) and males were significantly more susceptible to HAV (p = 0.02).
Hepatitis A is still a major public health problem in Bulgaria; there is a significant difference in the incidence of the disease between the regions in the south-east and those in the north-east and between the different age groups and sexes.
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染是一种急性自限性肝病，通常通过人与人之间的粪-口途径传播。保加利亚甲型肝炎流行程度中等，成年人易感性较高且疫情反复爆发。
由于甲型肝炎病毒感染与人员流动密切相关，对旅行者和移民以及接纳这些群体的当地人口构成重大风险，我们着手分析保加利亚东部五个最大旅游边境地区（瓦尔纳、舒门、多布里奇、布尔加斯和扬博尔）的甲型肝炎流行病学数据。
我们回顾性分析了2008年至2014年期间保加利亚东部地区所有报告的急性甲型肝炎病例。
在研究期间共登记了2879例新感染患者，数量差异很大：从2014年的190例到2012年的923例。东南部地区甲型肝炎的平均发病率高于东北部地区（分别为55.30‰ vs 15.04‰，p < 0.0001）。所有地区受影响最严重的年龄组是5至9岁儿童（p < 0.0001），男性对甲型肝炎病毒的易感性明显更高（p = 0.02）。
甲型肝炎在保加利亚仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题；东南部地区与东北部地区之间以及不同年龄组和性别之间的发病率存在显著差异。
