Chantziantoniou Nikolaos, Donnelly Amber D, Mukherjee Maheswari, Boon Mathilde E, Austin R Marshall
Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
Acta Cytol. 2017;61(4-5):266-280. doi: 10.1159/000457827. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Cytodiagnoses of specific malignancies are enabled through analyses of abnormal nuclear chromatin and cytoplasmic features in stained cells.
The objective of this work was to explore the inception, development, and chemistry of the Pap stain method introduced in 1942 by Dr. G.N. Papanicolaou.
To achieve this, we carried out a review of the English literature.
Between 1914 and 1933, Papanicolaou first analyzed vaginal squamous cells in guinea pigs and later in human vaginal fluid samples using hematoxylin and eosin with limited color reactions, correlating the cell-type morphology with endocrinology and histology. The 5-dye Pap stain method evolved through 2 salient phases. The first, between 1933 and 1942, saw the introduction of alcohol-ether fixation and aqueous waterblue staining to enhance cellular transparency, aiding the distinction of cervical cancer cells from benign cells, with quantitative and qualitative assessment of squamous cell maturity. The second phase, between 1942 and 1960, saw the introduction and refinement of various alcoholic cytoplasmic counterstaining schemes with orange G and EA (light green, Bismarck brown, eosin) and phosphotungstic acid, allowing wider ranges of polychromasia and further enhancing cellular visualization, facilitating the distinction of cell types and improving diagnostic confidence.
Development of the Pap stain method followed specific historical and scientific events. The staining method evolved following incremental improvements in cellular transparency achieved through tailored cellular fixation and cytoplasmic staining using variable dye and pH combinations.
通过分析染色细胞中异常的核染色质和细胞质特征来实现特定恶性肿瘤的细胞诊断。
本研究的目的是探究1942年由G.N.帕帕尼科拉乌博士引入的巴氏染色法的起源、发展及化学原理。
为实现这一目的，我们对英文文献进行了综述。
1914年至1933年间，帕帕尼科拉乌首先使用苏木精和伊红对豚鼠阴道鳞状细胞进行分析，随后又对人类阴道液样本进行分析，但其颜色反应有限，他将细胞类型形态与内分泌学和组织学相关联。五步染色法历经两个显著阶段演变而来。第一阶段，1933年至1942年，引入酒精 - 乙醚固定和水蓝色水溶液染色以提高细胞透明度，有助于区分宫颈癌细胞和良性细胞，并对鳞状细胞成熟度进行定量和定性评估。第二阶段，1942年至1960年，引入并完善了各种用橙色G和EA（淡绿色、俾斯麦棕、伊红）以及磷钨酸进行的酒精性细胞质复染方案，实现了更广泛的多色性，进一步增强了细胞可视化效果，便于区分细胞类型并提高诊断信心。
巴氏染色法的发展遵循特定的历史和科学事件。该染色法随着通过定制细胞固定和使用不同染料及pH组合进行细胞质染色而逐步提高细胞透明度而不断演变。
