Pongrácz Péter, Ujvári Vera, Faragó Tamás, Miklósi Ádám, Péter András
Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Szent István University, Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Hungary.
Behav Processes. 2017 Jul;140:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
The visual sense of dogs is in many aspects different than that of humans. Unfortunately, authors do not explicitly take into consideration dog-human differences in visual perception when designing their experiments. With an image manipulation program we altered stationary images, according to the present knowledge about dog-vision. Besides the effect of dogs' dichromatic vision, the software shows the effect of the lower visual acuity and brightness discrimination, too. Fifty adult humans were tested with pictures showing a female experimenter pointing, gazing or glancing to the left or right side. Half of the pictures were shown after they were altered to a setting that approximated dog vision. Participants had difficulty to find out the direction of glancing when the pictures were in dog-vision mode. Glances in dog-vision setting were followed less correctly and with a slower response time than other cues. Our results are the first that show the visual performance of humans under circumstances that model how dogs' weaker vision would affect their responses in an ethological experiment. We urge researchers to take into consideration the differences between perceptual abilities of dogs and humans, by developing visual stimuli that fit more appropriately to dogs' visual capabilities.
狗的视觉在许多方面与人类不同。不幸的是，作者在设计实验时没有明确考虑到狗与人在视觉感知上的差异。根据目前关于狗视觉的知识，我们使用图像处理程序改变了静态图像。除了狗的双色视觉效果外，该软件还显示了较低的视敏度和亮度辨别效果。用展示一名女性实验者向左或向右侧指、凝视或瞥视的图片对50名成年人进行了测试。一半的图片在被改变为接近狗视觉的设置后展示。当图片处于狗视觉模式时，参与者很难找出瞥视的方向。与其他线索相比，在狗视觉设置下的瞥视被正确跟随的情况更少，反应时间也更慢。我们的结果首次表明了人类在模拟狗较弱的视觉如何在行为学实验中影响其反应的情况下的视觉表现。我们敦促研究人员通过开发更适合狗视觉能力的视觉刺激来考虑狗和人类感知能力之间的差异。
