1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada.
2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada.
Appl Spectrosc. 2017 May;71(5):767-793. doi: 10.1177/0003702816686593. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Blood is a bodily fluid that is vital for a number of life functions in animals. To a first approximation, blood is a mildly alkaline aqueous fluid (plasma) in which a large number of free-floating red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets are suspended. The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body and move carbon dioxide in the return direction after it is produced by the cells' metabolism. Blood also carries nutrients to the cells and brings waste products to the liver and kidneys. Measured levels of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and electrolytes in blood are often used for clinical assessment of human health. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on chemical composition, and hence has a potential role in this clinical assessment process. Raman spectroscopic probing of blood components and of whole blood has been on-going for more than four decades and has proven useful in applications ranging from the understanding of hemoglobin oxygenation, to the discrimination of cancerous cells from healthy lymphocytes, and the forensic investigation of crime scenes. In this paper, we review the literature in the field, collate the published Raman spectroscopy studies of erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma, and whole blood, and attempt to draw general conclusions on the state of the field.
血液是动物体内维持多项生命功能的重要体液。从第一近似值来看，血液是一种略带碱性的水溶液（血浆），其中悬浮着大量自由漂浮的红细胞（红细胞）、白细胞（白细胞）和血小板。血液的主要功能是将氧气从肺部输送到身体的所有细胞，并在细胞代谢产生后将二氧化碳反向输送。血液还将营养物质输送到细胞，并将废物带到肝脏和肾脏。血液中氧气、营养物质、废物和电解质的测量水平通常用于临床评估人体健康。拉曼光谱是一种非破坏性分析技术，它利用光的非弹性散射来提供有关化学成分的信息，因此在这种临床评估过程中具有潜在的作用。对血液成分和全血的拉曼光谱探测已经进行了四十多年，并且已经在从血红蛋白氧合的理解，到癌细胞与健康淋巴细胞的区分，以及犯罪现场的法医学调查等应用中证明是有用的。在本文中，我们回顾了该领域的文献，整理了已发表的关于红细胞、白细胞、血小板、血浆和全血的拉曼光谱研究，并试图对该领域的现状得出一般性结论。
