Newcomer Benjamin W, Chamorro Manuel F, Walz Paul H
Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1500 Wire Rd., Auburn, AL 36849-5540, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, A-111 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 6.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for significant losses to the cattle industry. Currently, modified-live viral (MLV) and inactivated viral vaccines are available against BVDV, often in combination with other viral and bacterial antigens. Inactivated and MLV vaccines provide cattle producers and veterinarians safe and efficacious options for herd immunization to limit disease associated with BVDV infection. Vaccination of young cattle against BVDV is motivated by prevention of clinical disease and limiting viral spread to susceptible animals. For reproductive-age cattle, vaccination to prevent viremia and birth of persistently infected offspring is considered more important, while also more difficult to achieve than prevention of clinical disease. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of BVDV vaccine efficacy. In terms of preventing clinical disease, current BVDV vaccines have been demonstrated to have a rapid onset of immunity and MLV vaccines can be effectively utilized in calves possessing maternal immunity. For reproductive protection, more recent studies using multivalent MLV vaccines have demonstrated consistent fetal protection rates in the range of 85-100% in experimental studies. Proper timing and administration of BVDV vaccines can be utilized to maximize vaccine efficacy to provide an important contribution to reducing risks associated with BVDV infection. With improvements in vaccine formulations and increased understanding of the protective immune response following vaccination, control of BVDV through vaccination can be enhanced.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）给养牛业造成了重大损失。目前，有针对BVDV的减毒活病毒（MLV）疫苗和灭活病毒疫苗，通常还与其他病毒和细菌抗原联合使用。灭活疫苗和MLV疫苗为养牛生产者和兽医提供了安全有效的群体免疫选择，以限制与BVDV感染相关的疾病。给小牛接种BVDV疫苗的目的是预防临床疾病并限制病毒传播给易感动物。对于育龄母牛，预防病毒血症和出生持续性感染后代的疫苗接种被认为更为重要，但也比预防临床疾病更难实现。在理解BVDV疫苗效力方面已有新进展。在预防临床疾病方面，目前的BVDV疫苗已被证明具有快速的免疫起效，并且MLV疫苗可有效地用于具有母源免疫的犊牛。对于生殖保护，最近使用多价MLV疫苗的研究在实验研究中已证明一致的胎儿保护率在85％至100％范围内。可以利用BVDV疫苗的正确接种时间和接种方式来最大化疫苗效力，从而为降低与BVDV感染相关的风险做出重要贡献。随着疫苗配方的改进以及对疫苗接种后保护性免疫反应的进一步了解，可以加强通过疫苗接种对BVDV的控制。
