Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Indoor Air. 2017 Nov;27(6):1052-1066. doi: 10.1111/ina.12389. Epub 2017 May 8.
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution derives from combustion and non-combustion sources and consists of various chemical species that may differentially impact human health and climate. Previous reviews of PM chemical component concentrations and sources focus on high-income urban settings, which likely differ from the low- and middle-income settings where solid fuel (ie, coal, biomass) is commonly burned for cooking and heating. We aimed to summarize the concentrations of PM chemical components and their contributing sources in settings where solid fuel is burned. We searched the literature for studies that reported PM component concentrations from homes, personal exposures, and direct stove emissions under uncontrolled, real-world conditions. We calculated weighted mean daily concentrations for select PM components and compared sources of PM determined by source apportionment. Our search criteria yielded 48 studies conducted in 12 countries. Weighted mean daily cooking area concentrations of elemental carbon, organic carbon, and benzo(a)pyrene were 18.8 μg m , 74.0 μg m , and 155 ng m , respectively. Solid fuel combustion explained 29%-48% of principal component/factor analysis variance and 41%-87% of PM mass determined by positive matrix factorization. Multiple indoor and outdoor sources impacted PM concentrations and composition in these settings, including solid fuel burning, mobile emissions, dust, and solid waste burning.
颗粒物 (PM) 空气污染源自燃烧和非燃烧源，由各种化学物质组成，这些化学物质可能会对人类健康和气候产生不同的影响。之前关于 PM 化学成分浓度和来源的综述主要集中在高收入城市地区，这些地区与低收入和中等收入地区的情况可能有所不同，在这些地区，固体燃料（如煤、生物质）通常用于烹饪和取暖。我们旨在总结在燃烧固体燃料的环境中 PM 化学成分的浓度及其来源。我们在文献中搜索了报告家庭、个人暴露和不受控制的实际条件下直接炉灶排放的 PM 成分浓度的研究。我们计算了选定 PM 成分的加权平均日浓度，并比较了通过源分配确定的 PM 来源。我们的搜索标准产生了 12 个国家的 48 项研究。元素碳、有机碳和苯并 (a) 芘在烹饪区的加权平均日浓度分别为 18.8μg/m3、74.0μg/m3和 155ng/m3。固体燃料燃烧解释了主成分/因子分析方差的 29%-48%和正矩阵因子分析确定的 PM 质量的 41%-87%。在这些环境中，多种室内和室外来源影响了 PM 浓度和成分，包括固体燃料燃烧、移动排放、灰尘和固体废物燃烧。
