Slotnick Scott D
a Department of Psychology , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA.
Cogn Neurosci. 2017 Jul;8(3):150-155. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2017.1319350. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
In an editorial (this issue), I argued that Eklund, Nichols, and Knutsson's 'null data' reflected resting-state/default network activity that inflated their false-positive rates. Commentaries on that paper were received by Nichols, Eklund, and Knutsson (this issue), Hopfinger (this issue), and Cunningham and Koscik (this issue). In this author response, I consider these commentaries. Many issues stemming from Nichols et al. are identified including: (1) Nichols et al. did not provide convincing arguments that resting-state fMRI data reflect null data. (2) Eklund et al. presented one-sample t-test results in the main body of their paper showing that their permutation method was acceptable, while their supplementary results showed that this method produced false-positive rates that were similar to other methods. (3) Eklund et al. used the same event protocol for all the participants, which artifactually inflated the one-sample t-test false-positive rates. (4) At p < .001, using two-sample t-tests (which corrected for the flawed analysis), all the methods employed to correct for multiple comparisons had acceptable false-positive rates. (5) Eklund et al. contrasted resting-state periods, which produced many significant clusters of activity, while null data should arguably be associated with few, if any, significant activations. Eklund et al.'s entire set of results show that commonly employed methods to correct for multiple comparisons have acceptable false-positive rates. Following Hopfinger along with Cunningham and Koscik, it is also highlighted that rather than focusing on only type I error, type I error and type II error should be balanced in fMRI analysis.
在一篇社论(本期)中,我认为埃克隆德、尼科尔斯和克努特松的“零数据”反映了静息态/默认网络活动,这夸大了他们的假阳性率。尼科尔斯、埃克隆德和克努特松(本期)、霍平格(本期)以及坎宁安和科斯克(本期)收到了对该论文的评论。在这篇作者回应中,我考虑了这些评论。确定了尼科尔斯等人提出的许多问题,包括:(1)尼科尔斯等人没有提供令人信服的论据来证明静息态功能磁共振成像数据反映零数据。(2)埃克隆德等人在论文主体中展示了单样本t检验结果,表明他们的置换方法是可接受的,而他们的补充结果显示该方法产生的假阳性率与其他方法相似。(3)埃克隆德等人对所有参与者使用了相同的事件协议,这人为地夸大了单样本t检验的假阳性率。(4)在p <.001时,使用双样本t检验(对有缺陷的分析进行了校正),用于校正多重比较的所有方法都有可接受的假阳性率。(5)埃克隆德等人对比了静息期,这产生了许多显著的活动簇,而零数据应该可以说与很少(如果有的话)显著激活相关。埃克隆德等人的整套结果表明,常用的校正多重比较的方法有可接受的假阳性率。跟随霍平格以及坎宁安和科斯克,还强调了在功能磁共振成像分析中,不应只关注I型错误,而应平衡I型错误和II型错误。
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