Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan, Campa Adriana, Rubens Muni, Martinez Sabrina S, Fleetwood Christina, Stewart Tiffanie, Liuzzi Juan P, George Florence, Khan Hafiz, Li Yinghui, Baum Marianna K
1 Department of Nutrition and Kinesiology, University of Central Missouri , Warrensburg, Missouri.
2 Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
Viral Immunol. 2017 May;30(4):271-277. doi: 10.1089/vim.2016.0148. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
Although there are many studies on adverse health effects of substance use and HIV disease progression, similar studies about caffeine consumption are few. In this study, we investigated the effects of caffeine on immunological and virological markers of HIV disease progression. A convenience sample of 130 clinically stable people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (65 consuming ≤250 mg/day and 65 consuming >250 mg/day of caffeine) were recruited from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. This study included a baseline and 3-month follow-up visit. Demographics, body composition measures, substance use, Modified Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ), and CD4 count and HIV viral load were obtained for all participants. Multivariable linear regression and Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) were used to understand the effect of caffeine consumption on CD4 count and HIV viral load. The mean age of the cohort was 47.9 ± 6.4 years, 60.8% were men and 75.4% were African Americans. All participants were on ART during both the visits. Mean caffeine intake at baseline was 337.6 ± 305.0 mg/day and did not change significantly at the 3-month follow-up visit. Multivariable linear regressions after adjustment for covariates showed significant association between caffeine consumption and higher CD4 count (β = 1.532, p = 0.049) and lower HIV viral load (β = -1.067, p = 0.048). LMM after adjustment for covariates showed that the relationship between caffeine and CD4 count (β = 1.720, p = 0.042) and HIV viral load (β = -1.389, p = 0.033) continued over time in a dose-response manner. Higher caffeine consumption was associated with higher CD4 cell counts and lower HIV viral loads indicating beneficial effects on HIV disease progression. Further studies examining biochemical effects of caffeine on CD4 cell counts and viral replication need to be done in the future.
尽管有许多关于物质使用对健康的不良影响以及HIV疾病进展的研究，但关于咖啡因消费的类似研究却很少。在本研究中，我们调查了咖啡因对HIV疾病进展的免疫学和病毒学标志物的影响。从迈阿密成人HIV研究（MASH）队列中招募了130名接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的临床稳定的HIV/AIDS感染者作为便利样本（65人每天摄入咖啡因≤250毫克，65人每天摄入咖啡因>250毫克）。本研究包括一次基线访视和为期3个月的随访。获取了所有参与者的人口统计学信息、身体成分测量数据、物质使用情况、改良咖啡因消费问卷（MCCQ）以及CD4细胞计数和HIV病毒载量。使用多变量线性回归和线性混合模型（LMMs）来了解咖啡因消费对CD4细胞计数和HIV病毒载量的影响。该队列的平均年龄为47.9±6.4岁，60.8%为男性，75.4%为非裔美国人。两次访视期间所有参与者均接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。基线时的平均咖啡因摄入量为337.6±305.0毫克/天，在3个月的随访中没有显著变化。调整协变量后的多变量线性回归显示，咖啡因消费与较高的CD4细胞计数（β = 1.532，p = 0.049）和较低的HIV病毒载量（β = -1.067，p = 0.048）之间存在显著关联。调整协变量后的LMM显示，随着时间的推移，咖啡因与CD4细胞计数（β = 1.720，p = 0.042）和HIV病毒载量（β = -1.389，p = 0.033）之间的关系呈剂量反应关系。较高的咖啡因消费量与较高的CD4细胞计数和较低的HIV病毒载量相关，表明对HIV疾病进展有有益影响。未来需要进行进一步的研究，以检验咖啡因对CD4细胞计数和病毒复制的生化影响。
