Li He, Ma Si-Qing, Huang Jin, Chen Xiao-Ping, Zhou Hong-Hao
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China.
Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 13;8(24):39859-39876. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16339.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignancies worldwide. Metastasis is responsible for more than 90% CRC patients' death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. With the development of whole genome sequencing technologies, they have been gained more attention. Accumulating evidences suggest that abnormal expression of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are involved in various biological functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and differentiation by acting as epigenetic, splicing, transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs has also been found in CRC. Besides, recent studies have indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis. They participate in the process of metastasis by activing or inhibiting the metastatic pathways. However, their functions on the development of cancer metastasis are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the findings of roles for lncRNAs in CRC metastasis and review the metastatic pathways of lncRNAs leading to cancer metastasis in CRC, including escape of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis and invasion, migration and proliferation. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNAs in CRC as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见恶性肿瘤。转移导致超过90%的CRC患者死亡。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是一类重要的转录RNA分子，长度超过200个核苷酸。随着全基因组测序技术的发展，它们受到了更多关注。越来越多的证据表明，lncRNAs在多种疾病中的异常表达通过作为表观遗传、剪接、转录或转录后调节因子参与各种生物学功能，如增殖、凋亡、转移和分化。在CRC中也发现了lncRNAs的异常表达。此外，最近的研究表明，lncRNAs在肿瘤发生和癌症转移中发挥重要作用。它们通过激活或抑制转移途径参与转移过程。然而，它们在癌症转移发展中的功能尚不清楚。在本综述中，我们重点介绍lncRNAs在CRC转移中的作用，并综述lncRNAs导致CRC癌症转移的转移途径，包括凋亡逃逸、上皮-间质转化（EMT）、血管生成以及侵袭、迁移和增殖。此外，我们还讨论了lncRNAs在CRC中作为诊断标志物和治疗靶点的潜在临床应用。
