Derghal Adel, Djelloul Mehdi, Trouslard Jérôme, Mounien Lourdes
Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somatomoteur et Neurovégétatif (PPSN), Aix Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden.
Front Neurosci. 2017 Apr 5;11:181. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00181. eCollection 2017.
The central control of energy balance involves a highly regulated neuronal network within the hypothalamus and the dorsal vagal complex. In these structures, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are known to reduce meal size and to increase energy expenditure. In addition, leptin, a peripheral signal that relays information regarding body fat content, modulates the activity of melanocortin pathway neurons including POMC-, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R)-expressing neurons. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 22-26 nucleotides that post-transcriptionally interfere with target gene expression by binding to their mRNAs. Evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play important roles in the central regulation of energy balance. In this context, different studies identified miRNAs including miR-200 family, miR-103, or miR-488 that could target the genes of melanocortin pathway. More precisely, these different miRNAs can modulate energy homeostasis by affecting leptin transduction pathway in the POMC, or AgRP/NPY neurons. This article reviews the role of identified miRNAs in the modulation of melanocortin pathway in the context of energy homeostasis.
能量平衡的中枢控制涉及下丘脑和迷走神经背侧复合体中一个高度调节的神经网络。在这些结构中，已知促黑素细胞皮质激素原（POMC）神经元会减少进食量并增加能量消耗。此外，瘦素作为一种传递有关体脂含量信息的外周信号，可调节包括表达POMC、刺鼠相关肽（AgRP）/神经肽Y（NPY）、黑皮质素受体（MC3R和MC4R）的神经元在内的黑皮质素通路神经元的活性。微小RNA（miRNA）是22 - 26个核苷酸的短非编码RNA，通过与靶mRNA结合在转录后干扰靶基因表达。有证据表明，miRNA在能量平衡的中枢调节中发挥重要作用。在这种情况下，不同的研究鉴定出了包括miR - 200家族、miR - 103或miR - 488在内的可靶向黑皮质素通路基因的miRNA。更确切地说，这些不同的miRNA可通过影响POMC或AgRP/NPY神经元中的瘦素转导途径来调节能量稳态。本文综述了已鉴定的miRNA在能量稳态背景下对黑皮质素通路调节中的作用。
