Faburay Bonto, Wilson William C, Gaudreault Natasha N, Davis A Sally, Shivanna Vinay, Bawa Bhupinder, Sunwoo Sun Young, Ma Wenjun, Drolet Barbara S, Morozov Igor, McVey D Scott, Richt Juergen A
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 14;6:27719. doi: 10.1038/srep27719.
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen causing disease outbreaks in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The virus has great potential for transboundary spread due to the presence of competent vectors in non-endemic areas. There is currently no fully licensed vaccine suitable for use in livestock or humans outside endemic areas. Here we report the evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant subunit vaccine based on the RVFV Gn and Gc glycoproteins. In a previous study, the vaccine elicited strong virus neutralizing antibody responses in sheep and was DIVA (differentiating naturally infected from vaccinated animals) compatible. In the current efficacy study, a group of sheep (n = 5) was vaccinated subcutaneously with the glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine candidate and then subjected to heterologous challenge with the virulent Kenya-128B-15 RVFV strain. The vaccine elicited high virus neutralizing antibody titers and conferred complete protection in all vaccinated sheep, as evidenced by prevention of viremia, fever and absence of RVFV-associated histopathological lesions. We conclude that the subunit vaccine platform represents a promising strategy for the prevention and control of RVFV infections in susceptible hosts.
裂谷热病毒（RVFV）是一种由蚊子传播的人畜共患病原体，可在非洲和阿拉伯半岛引发疾病暴发。由于非流行地区存在适宜的传播媒介，该病毒具有极大的跨境传播潜力。目前尚无完全许可用于流行地区以外的家畜或人类的疫苗。在此，我们报告了基于RVFV Gn和Gc糖蛋白的重组亚单位疫苗的效力评估。在先前的一项研究中，该疫苗在绵羊中引发了强烈的病毒中和抗体反应，并且与DIVA（区分自然感染动物和接种疫苗动物）兼容。在当前的效力研究中，一组绵羊（n = 5）皮下接种了基于糖蛋白的亚单位候选疫苗，然后用强毒的肯尼亚-128B-15 RVFV毒株进行异源攻击。该疫苗引发了高病毒中和抗体滴度，并在所有接种疫苗的绵羊中提供了完全保护，这通过预防病毒血症、发热以及不存在与RVFV相关的组织病理学损伤得以证明。我们得出结论，亚单位疫苗平台是预防和控制易感宿主中RVFV感染的一种有前景的策略。
