Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, United Kingdom.
School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Apr 2;8(4):a029819. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029819.
Physical activity has profound impacts on the vasculature in humans. Acute exercise induces immediate changes in artery function, whereas repeated episodic bouts of exercise induce chronic functional adaptation and, ultimately, structural arterial remodeling. The nature of these changes in function and structure are dependent on the characteristics of the training load and may be modulated by other factors such as exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. The clinical implications of these physiological adaptations are profound. Exercise impacts on the development of atherosclerosis and on the incidence of primary and secondary cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Exercise also plays a role in the amelioration of other chronic diseases that possess a vascular etiology, including diabetes and dementia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of exercise on the vasculature are both primary and secondary in nature, in that the benefits conferred by changes in cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid profiles and blood pressure occur in concert with direct effects of arterial shear stress and mechanotransduction. From an evolutionary perspective, exercise is an essential stimulus for the maintenance of vascular health: .
体力活动对人体的血管系统有深远的影响。急性运动即刻引起动脉功能的改变，而反复的运动发作则引起慢性的功能适应，并最终导致结构的动脉重塑。这些功能和结构变化的性质取决于训练负荷的特点，并且可能受到其他因素的调节，如运动引起的炎症和氧化应激。这些生理适应的临床意义是深远的。运动对动脉粥样硬化的发展和原发性及继发性心血管事件（包括心肌梗死和中风）的发生有影响。运动在改善其他具有血管病因的慢性疾病方面也发挥作用，包括糖尿病和痴呆症。运动对血管的这些影响的机制本质上是原发性和继发性的，因为心血管危险因素（如血脂谱和血压）变化所带来的益处与动脉剪切应力和机械转导的直接作用同时发生。从进化的角度来看，运动是维持血管健康的必要刺激： 。
