Kano Masanobu, Watanabe Takaki
Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
F1000Res. 2017 Apr 4;6:416. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.10485.1. eCollection 2017.
The cerebellum is a brain structure involved in coordination, control, and learning of movements, as well as certain aspects of cognitive function. Purkinje cells are the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex and therefore play crucial roles in the overall function of the cerebellum. The type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is a key "hub" molecule that is critically involved in the regulation of synaptic wiring, excitability, synaptic response, and synaptic plasticity of Purkinje cells. In this review, we aim to highlight how mGluR1 controls these events in Purkinje cells. We also describe emerging evidence that altered mGluR1 signaling in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar dysfunctions in several clinically relevant mouse models of human ataxias.
小脑是一种参与运动协调、控制和学习以及某些认知功能方面的脑结构。浦肯野细胞是小脑皮质的唯一输出神经元，因此在小脑的整体功能中发挥着关键作用。1型代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluR1）是一个关键的“枢纽”分子，在浦肯野细胞的突触连接、兴奋性、突触反应和突触可塑性的调节中起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在强调mGluR1如何控制浦肯野细胞中的这些事件。我们还描述了新出现的证据，即在几种与人类共济失调相关的临床小鼠模型中，浦肯野细胞中mGluR1信号改变是小脑功能障碍的基础。
