Hellström Charlotta, Wagner Philippe, Nilsson Kent W, Leppert Jerzy, Åslund Cecilia
a Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital , Västerås , Sweden.
b School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University , Västerås , Sweden.
Ups J Med Sci. 2017 Jun;122(2):119-126. doi: 10.1080/03009734.2017.1294636. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
To investigate the associations between gambling frequency, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and problem gambling among adolescent boys and girls. One hypothesis was that adolescents with increased ADHD symptoms have a higher frequency of gambling compared to adolescents with fewer ADHD symptoms.
A population-based sample of adolescents (aged 15-18 years) completed a questionnaire on demographics, gambling habits, ADHD symptoms, and problematic gambling; 1412 adolescents (from 4440 sampled) with gambling experience were included in the final sample.
A zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis revealed that increased ADHD symptoms, higher gambling frequency, and higher age were associated with lower odds for being non-susceptible to gambling problems. Moreover, gambling frequency interacted with ADHD symptoms in predicting probability of being non-susceptible to gambling problems. However, when analysing those already susceptible to problem gambling, ADHD symptoms did not modify the effect of gambling frequency on the expected magnitude of gambling problems. In susceptible individuals, problem gambling increased with both increased ADHD symptoms and increased gambling frequency, but the level of problems due to gambling frequency did not change depending on the ADHD symptom level. There was an interaction effect between sex and gambling frequency in relation to gambling problems.
Adolescents with ADHD symptoms seem to be more sensitive to gambling, in terms of being susceptible to developing gambling problems. However, once susceptible, adolescents with ADHD symptoms are affected by gambling frequency similarly to other susceptible participants.
探讨青少年男孩和女孩的赌博频率、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状与问题赌博之间的关联。一个假设是，与ADHD症状较少的青少年相比，ADHD症状增加的青少年赌博频率更高。
以人群为基础的青少年样本（年龄在15 - 18岁之间）完成了一份关于人口统计学、赌博习惯、ADHD症状和问题赌博的问卷；最终样本包括1412名有赌博经历的青少年（来自4440名抽样者）。
零膨胀负二项回归分析显示，ADHD症状增加、赌博频率较高和年龄较大与不易出现赌博问题的较低几率相关。此外，在预测不易出现赌博问题的概率时，赌博频率与ADHD症状相互作用。然而，在分析那些已经容易出现问题赌博的人时，ADHD症状并未改变赌博频率对预期赌博问题严重程度的影响。在易患人群中，问题赌博随着ADHD症状增加和赌博频率增加而增加，但因赌博频率导致的问题严重程度并不随ADHD症状水平而改变。在赌博问题方面，性别与赌博频率之间存在交互作用。
就易出现赌博问题而言，有ADHD症状的青少年似乎对赌博更敏感。然而，一旦易患，有ADHD症状的青少年受赌博频率的影响与其他易患参与者类似。
