Nakade Aditya, Rohatgi Jolly, Bhatia Manjeet S, Dhaliwal Upreet
Department of Ophthalmology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;65(3):228-232. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_483_16.
Rehabilitation of the visually disabled depends on how they adjust to loss; understanding contributing factors may help in effective rehabilitation.
The aim of this study is to assess adjustment to acquired vision loss in adults.
This observational study, conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary-level teaching hospital, included thirty persons (25-65 years) with <6/60 in the better eye, and vision loss since ≥6-months.
Age, gender, rural/urban residence, education, current occupation, binocular distance vision, adjustment (Acceptance and Self-Worth Adjustment Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), social support (Duke Social Support and Stress Scale), and personality (10-item Personality Inventory scale) was recorded.
To determine their effect on adjustment, Student's t-test was used for categorical variables, Pearson's correlation for age, and Spearman's correlation for depression, personality trait and social support and stress.
Of 30 persons recruited, 24 were men (80%); 24 lived in urban areas (80%); 9 were employed (30%); and 14 (46.6%) had studied < Class 3. Adjustment was low (range: 33%-60%; mean: 43.6 ± 5.73). Reported support was low (median: 27.2; interquartile range [IQR]: 18.1-36.3); reported stress was low (median: 0.09; IQR: 0-18.1). Predominant personality traits (max score 14) were "Agreeableness" (average 12.0 ± 1.68) and "Conscientiousness" (average 11.3 ± 2.12). Emotional stability (average 9.2 ± 2.53) was less prominent. Depression score ranged from 17 to 50 (average 31.6 ± 6.01). The factors studied did not influence adjustment.
Although adjustment did not vary with factors studied, all patients were depressed. Since perceived support and emotional stability was low, attention could be directed to support networks. Training patients in handling emotions, and training family members to respond to emotional needs of persons with visual disability, might contribute to reducing stress and depression.
视障人士的康复取决于他们如何适应视力丧失；了解相关因素可能有助于进行有效的康复。
本研究旨在评估成年人对后天性视力丧失的适应情况。
这项观察性研究在一家三级教学医院的眼科进行，纳入了30名年龄在25至65岁之间、较好眼视力低于6/60且视力丧失至少6个月的患者。
记录年龄、性别、城乡居住情况、教育程度、当前职业、双眼远距离视力、适应情况（接受与自我价值调整量表）、抑郁情况（流行病学研究中心抑郁量表）、社会支持（杜克社会支持与压力量表）以及人格特征（10项人格量表）。
为确定各因素对适应情况的影响，分类变量采用学生t检验，年龄采用Pearson相关性分析，抑郁、人格特质以及社会支持与压力采用Spearman相关性分析。
在招募的30名患者中，24名是男性（80%）；24名居住在城市地区（80%）；9名有工作（30%）；14名（46.6%）学历低于三年级。适应情况较差（范围：33% - 60%；平均：43.6 ± 5.73）。报告的社会支持较低（中位数：27.2；四分位间距[IQR]：18.1 - 36.3）；报告的压力较低（中位数：0.09；IQR：0 - 18.1）。主要的人格特质（最高分为14分）是“宜人性”（平均12.0 ± 1.68）和“尽责性”（平均11.3 ± 2.12）。情绪稳定性（平均9.2 ± 2.53）不太突出。抑郁得分在17至50分之间（平均31.6 ± 6.01）。所研究的因素并未影响适应情况。
尽管适应情况并未因所研究的因素而有所不同，但所有患者均有抑郁情绪。由于感知到的社会支持和情绪稳定性较低，可将注意力转向支持网络。对患者进行情绪处理培训，以及培训家庭成员应对视障人士的情感需求，可能有助于减轻压力和抑郁情绪。
