Tunde-Ayinmode Mosunmola F, Akande Tanimola M, Ademola-Popoola Dupe S
Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ann Afr Med. 2011 Apr-Jun;10(2):155-64. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.82073.
Blindness can cause psychosocial distress leading to maladjustment if not mitigated. Maladjustment is a secondary burden that further reduces quality of life of the blind. Adjustment is often personalized and depends on nature and quality of prevailing psychosocial support and rehabilitation opportunities. This study was aimed at identifying the pattern of psychosocial adjustment in a group of relatively secluded and under-reached totally blind people in Ilorin, thus sensitizing eye doctors to psychosocial morbidity and care in the blind.
A cross-sectional descriptive study using 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and a pro forma designed by the authors to assess the psychosocial problems and risk factors in some blind people in Ilorin metropolis.
The study revealed that most of the blind people were reasonably adjusted in key areas of social interaction, marriage, and family. Majority were considered to be poorly adjusted in the areas of education, vocational training, employment, and mobility. Many were also considered to be psychologically maladjusted based on the high rate of probable psychological disorder of 51%, as determined by SRQ. Factors identified as risk factors of probable psychological disorder were poor educational background and the presence of another medical disorder.
Most of the blind had no access to formal education or rehabilitation system, which may have contributed to their maladjustment in the domains identified. Although their prevailing psychosocial situation would have been better prevented yet, real opportunity still exists to help this group of people in the area of social and physical rehabilitation, meeting medical needs, preventive psychiatry, preventive ophthalmology, and community health. This will require the joint efforts of medical community, government and nongovernment organizations to provide the framework for delivery of these services directly to the communities.
失明若不缓解，会导致心理社会困扰，进而引发适应不良。适应不良是一种继发性负担，会进一步降低盲人的生活质量。适应往往是个性化的，取决于现有的心理社会支持和康复机会的性质与质量。本研究旨在确定伊洛林一群相对 secluded 且服务不足的全盲人群的心理社会适应模式，从而使眼科医生认识到盲人的心理社会发病率及护理问题。
采用一项包含20个条目的自填问卷（SRQ）以及作者设计的一份表格进行横断面描述性研究，以评估伊洛林都会区一些盲人的心理社会问题及风险因素。
研究表明，大多数盲人在社交互动、婚姻和家庭等关键领域适应情况尚可。多数人在教育、职业培训、就业和行动能力等方面被认为适应不良。根据SRQ确定，许多人还因51%的可能心理障碍高发生率而被认为存在心理适应不良。被确定为可能心理障碍风险因素的有教育背景差以及存在其他疾病。
大多数盲人无法获得正规教育或康复体系，这可能导致了他们在已确定领域的适应不良。尽管他们当前的心理社会状况本可得到更好的预防，但在社会和身体康复、满足医疗需求、预防性精神病学、预防性眼科以及社区卫生等领域，仍有切实机会帮助这群人。这需要医学界、政府和非政府组织共同努力，提供将这些服务直接交付给社区的框架。
