Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo and Akershus University College, 0130 Oslo, Norway; Genok-Center for Biosafety, SIVA Innovation Center, 9294 Tromsø, Norway.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017 Aug;38:16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.012. Epub 2017 Apr 22.
Membrane vesicles (MVs) are released from all living cells. MVs are lumen-containing spheres of lipid-bilayers derived from the cell surface. MVs are biologically active and contain various components, including genetic material. Both chromosomal and plasmid DNA, as well as different types of RNA have been detected in MVs. Vesicle-mediated transfer of genes coding for antibiotic resistance, virulence and metabolic traits has been reported in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and in Archaea. MVs can persist over time in natural environments. Here we review the characteristics of and the role of MVs in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) processes in prokaryotes.
膜泡（MVs）是从所有活细胞中释放出来的。MVs 是由细胞表面衍生而来的含有脂质双层的腔室球体。MVs 具有生物活性，包含各种成分，包括遗传物质。已经在 MVs 中检测到染色体和质粒 DNA 以及不同类型的 RNA。已经报道了在革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌以及古菌中，囊泡介导的编码抗生素抗性、毒力和代谢特性的基因转移。MVs 可以在自然环境中长时间存在。在这里，我们综述了 MVs 在原核生物水平基因转移（HGT）过程中的特征和作用。
