Reynolds Pierce, Marzi Andrea
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Virus Genes. 2017 Aug;53(4):501-515. doi: 10.1007/s11262-017-1455-x. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV), and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Nearly 30,000 infections were observed in the latest EBOV epidemic in West Africa; previous outbreaks were much smaller, typically only affecting less than a few hundred people. Compared to other diseases such as AIDS or Malaria with millions of cases annually, filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available to treat EBOV and MARV infections; therefore, these pathogens can only be handled in maximum containment laboratories and are classified as select agents. Under these limitations, a very few laboratories worldwide conducted basic research and countermeasure development for EBOV and MARV since their respective discoveries in 1967 (MARV) and 1976 (EBOV). In this review, we discuss several vaccine platforms against EBOV and MARV, which have been assessed for their protective efficacy in animal models of FHF. The focus is on the most promising approaches, which were accelerated in clinical development (phase I-III trials) during the EBOV epidemic in West Africa.
丝状病毒，如埃博拉病毒（EBOV）和马尔堡病毒（MARV），是人类已知的最具致病性的病毒之一，也是非洲病毒性出血热疫情的病原体，病死率高达90%。在西非最近一次埃博拉病毒疫情中观察到近3万例感染；之前的疫情规模要小得多，通常只影响不到几百人。与每年有数百万病例的艾滋病或疟疾等其他疾病相比，丝状病毒出血热（FHF）是被忽视的传染病之一。目前尚无用于治疗埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒感染的许可疫苗或疗法；因此，这些病原体只能在最高级别的生物安全实验室中处理，并被列为特定病原体。在这些限制条件下，自1967年（马尔堡病毒）和1976年（埃博拉病毒）分别被发现以来，全球只有极少数实验室对埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒进行基础研究和对策开发。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几种针对埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒的疫苗平台，这些平台已在丝状病毒出血热动物模型中评估了其保护效力。重点是最有前景的方法，这些方法在西非埃博拉病毒疫情期间加速进入临床开发（I-III期试验）。
