University of Georgia, Department of Poultry Science, Athens 30602.
USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia, 30605.
Poult Sci. 2017 Sep 1;96(9):3264-3271. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex109.
With the current researches on replacing antibiotics with different dietary interventions, bacteriophages (BP) are potential antimicrobial intervention because of their ability to affect specific bacteria. A study was conducted to evaluate the role of BP against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) on SE internal organs colonization and ileum immune response in laying hens. Hens were challenged both orally and intracloacally with 108 cfu/mL cells of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (SENAR). Thirty-two Single Comb White Leghorns were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments: 1) unchallenged control (negative control; T1), 2) SENAR challenged control (positive control; T2), 3) SENAR challenged + 0.1% BP (T3), and 4) SENAR challenged + 0.2% BP (T4). The number of SENAR in the ceca was significantly reduced by 0.2% BP supplementation (P < 0.05) at 7 d post infection (dpi). The respective number of SENAR was reduced from 2.9 log cfu/gm in T2 and T3 to 2.0 log cfu/gm in T4. There was no significant effect of T3 on reduction of numbers of cecal SENAR. A significant reduction of SENAR was observed in the liver with gall bladder (LGB) from 0.75 in T2 to 0.18 log cfu/gm in T4. In the spleen, T4 significantly reduced (P < 0.05) SENAR to 0.56 log cfu/gm compared to T2 and T3 (0.94 log cfu/gm). There was no significant effect of T3 in reduction of prevalence of spleen SENAR. By supplementing 0.2% BP (T4), the SENAR in the ovary was reduced to 0 log cfu/gm. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fecal SENAR at 6 dpi by T4 (0.71 log cfu/gm) compared to the positive control (1.57 log cfu/gm). The expression of interferon (IFN)-Γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 was significantly increased in the ileum by SENAR challenge compared to the negative control. This study suggests that apart from commonly used prebiotics or probiotics, BP are pathogen-specific and can be used as one of the dietary strategies to reduce SE colonization and induce immune modulation in laying hens.
随着用不同饮食干预措施替代抗生素的研究不断深入，噬菌体（BP）因其能够影响特定细菌而成为一种有潜力的抗菌干预措施。本研究旨在评估 BP 对肠炎沙门氏菌（SE）在产蛋鸡内脏器官定植和回肠免疫反应中的作用。鸡用萘啶酸抗性肠炎沙门氏菌（SENAR）以 108 cfu/mL 细胞的口服和直腔接种方式进行攻毒。32 只单冠白来航鸡被随机分配到 4 种饮食处理组：1）未攻毒对照组（阴性对照；T1）、2）SENAR 攻毒对照组（阳性对照；T2）、3）SENAR 攻毒+0.1%BP（T3）和 4）SENAR 攻毒+0.2%BP（T4）。在感染后 7 天（dpi），补充 0.2%BP 可显著减少盲肠中 SENAR 的数量（P<0.05）。T2 和 T3 中 SENAR 的数量分别从 2.9 log cfu/gm 减少到 T4 中的 2.0 log cfu/gm。T3 对减少盲肠中 SENAR 的数量没有显著影响。从 T2 中的 0.75 log cfu/gm 到 T4 中的 0.18 log cfu/gm，T4 显著减少了肝和胆囊（LGB）中的 SENAR。与 T2 和 T3（0.94 log cfu/gm）相比，T4 显著降低（P<0.05）脾脏中 SENAR 的数量至 0.56 log cfu/gm。T3 对减少脾脏中 SENAR 的流行率没有显著影响。通过补充 0.2%BP（T4），卵巢中的 SENAR 减少到 0 log cfu/gm。与阳性对照组（1.57 log cfu/gm）相比，T4 在 6 dpi 时粪便中 SENAR 的数量显著减少（P<0.05），为 0.71 log cfu/gm。与阴性对照组相比，SENAR 攻毒显著增加了回肠中干扰素（IFN）-Γ、白细胞介素（IL）-6 和 IL-10 的表达。本研究表明，除了常用的益生元和益生菌外，BP 还具有病原体特异性，可以作为减少 SE 定植和诱导产蛋鸡免疫调节的饮食策略之一。
