Polfuss Michele, Bandini Linda G, Sawin Kathleen J
College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1921 E. Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9000 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1997, USA.
Curr Obes Rep. 2017 Jun;6(2):116-126. doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0254-y.
Obesity is a common comorbidity in individuals with spina bifida. Carrying excess weight exacerbates the inherent health challenges associated with spina bifida, impedes the individual's ability to self-manage their condition, and creates further challenges for family members and caregivers. This manuscript provides a narrative review of key issues for understanding and prevention of obesity in persons with spina bifida within the context of the social ecological model.
Specific variables related to obesity and spina bifida include individual factors (i.e., body composition and measurement issues, energy needs, eating patterns, physical activity, and sedentary activity) family factors (i.e., parenting/family, peers), community factors (i.e., culture, built environment, healthcare and healthcare providers, and school), and societal factors (i.e., policy issues). Due to the complex etiology of obesity and its increased prevalence in individuals with spina bifida, it is critical to initiate prevention efforts early with a multifactorial approach for this at-risk population. Increased research is warranted to support these efforts.
肥胖是脊柱裂患者常见的合并症。超重会加剧与脊柱裂相关的固有健康挑战，阻碍患者自我管理病情的能力，并给家庭成员和护理人员带来更多挑战。本文在社会生态模型的背景下，对理解和预防脊柱裂患者肥胖的关键问题进行了叙述性综述。
与肥胖和脊柱裂相关的特定变量包括个体因素（即身体成分和测量问题、能量需求、饮食模式、身体活动和久坐行为）、家庭因素（即育儿/家庭、同龄人）、社区因素（即文化、建筑环境、医疗保健和医疗服务提供者以及学校）和社会因素（即政策问题）。由于肥胖的病因复杂且在脊柱裂患者中的患病率增加，因此对这一高危人群尽早采取多因素预防措施至关重要。需要更多研究来支持这些努力。
