Napolitano Maddalena, Megna Matteo, Timoshchuk Elena A, Patruno Cataldo, Balato Nicola, Fabbrocini Gabriella, Monfrecola Giuseppe
Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio", Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso.
Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017 Apr 19;10:105-115. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S111019. eCollection 2017.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body and presenting with painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring. HS is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors play a key role. The primary defect in HS pathophysiology involves follicular occlusion of the folliculopilosebaceous unit, followed by follicular rupture, and immune responses (perifollicular lympho-histiocytic inflammation), finally leading to the development of clinical HS lesions. HS has a destructive impact on the patient's quality of life, being a very challenging disease. Available treatments are limited, mostly off-label and with high variability in the reported efficacy. Fortunately, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha has been recently approved for treatment of moderate to severe HS, offering patients a promising new option. This review focuses on the main features of HS, including epidemiology, clinical aspects, pathogenesis, severity classifications, comorbidities, and currently available treatments.
化脓性汗腺炎（HS）是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，主要影响身体富含顶泌汗腺的区域，表现为疼痛性结节、脓肿、窦道和瘢痕形成。HS是一种多因素疾病，其中遗传和环境因素起关键作用。HS病理生理学的主要缺陷涉及毛囊皮脂腺单位的毛囊阻塞，随后是毛囊破裂和免疫反应（毛囊周围淋巴细胞 - 组织细胞炎症），最终导致临床HS病变的发展。HS对患者的生活质量有破坏性影响，是一种极具挑战性的疾病。现有的治疗方法有限，大多为非标签用药，且报道的疗效差异很大。幸运的是，一种抗肿瘤坏死因子α单克隆抗体最近已被批准用于治疗中度至重度HS，为患者提供了一个有前景的新选择。本综述重点关注HS的主要特征，包括流行病学、临床方面、发病机制、严重程度分类、合并症以及目前可用的治疗方法。
