Thomas J M, Skalski J R, Cline J F, McShane M C, Simpson J C, Miller W E, Peterson S A, Callahan C A, Greene J C
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 1986 May;5(5):487-501. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620050508.
Bioassays were used in a three-phase research project to (a) assess the comparative sensitivity of test organisms to known classes of chemicals, (b) determine if the chemical components in field soil and water samples of unknown chemical composition could be inferred from laboratory studies using pure chemicals and (c) investigate kriging (a relatively new statistical "mapping" technique) and bioassays as methods to define the areal extent of chemical contamination. The algal assay generally was most sensitive to samples of pure chemicals, soil elutriates and water from eight sites with known chemical contamination. Bioassays of nine samples of unknown chemical composition from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal site showed that a lettuce seed soil contact phytoassay was most sensitive. Preliminary evidence suggests that bioassays might be a useful tool in broadly identifying classes of toxic components of contaminated soil. Nearly pure formulations of insecticides and herbicides were less toxic than were their counterpart commercial formulations. This finding indicates that chemical analysis alone may fail to correctly rate the severity of possible environmental toxicity. Finally, we demonstrate that the lettuce seed phytoassay and kriging techniques can be used to map contamination in a portion of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal site and aid in cleanup decisions.
生物测定法被用于一个分三个阶段的研究项目中，以（a）评估受试生物对已知化学物质类别的相对敏感性，（b）确定能否通过使用纯化学品的实验室研究推断出化学成分未知的田间土壤和水样中的化学成分，以及（c）研究克里金法（一种相对较新的统计“绘图”技术）和生物测定法，以此作为界定化学污染区域范围的方法。藻类测定法通常对来自八个已知化学污染地点的纯化学品样品、土壤淘析液和水样最为敏感。对落基山兵工厂场地九个化学成分未知的样品进行的生物测定表明，生菜种子土壤接触植物测定法最为敏感。初步证据表明，生物测定法可能是广泛识别受污染土壤中毒性成分类别的有用工具。近乎纯的杀虫剂和除草剂制剂的毒性低于其相应的商业制剂。这一发现表明，仅靠化学分析可能无法正确评估可能的环境毒性的严重程度。最后，我们证明生菜种子植物测定法和克里金法可用于绘制落基山兵工厂场地一部分区域的污染图，并有助于做出清理决策。
