State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Electronics, Communications, and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 May 3;17(5):1015. doi: 10.3390/s17051015.
Miniaturized and rapid blood coagulation assay technologies are critical in many clinical settings. In this paper, we present a ZnO film bulk acoustic resonator for the kinetic analysis of human blood coagulation. The resonator operated in thickness shear resonance mode at 1.4 GHz. When the resonator contacted the liquid environment, the viscous loading effect was considered as the additional resistance and inductance in the equivalent circuits, resulting in a linear relationship with a slope of approximately -217 kHz/cP between the liquid viscosity and the frequency of the resonator. The downshift of the resonant frequency and the viscosity change during the blood coagulation were correlated to monitor the coagulation process. The sigmoidal trend was observed in the frequency response for the blood samples activated by thromboplastin and calcium ions. The coagulation kinetics involving sequential phases of steady reaction, growth and saturation were revealed through the time-dependent frequency profiles. The enzymatic cascade time, the coagulation rate, the coagulation time and the clot degree were provided by fitting the time-frequency curves. The prothrombin times were compared with the results measured by a standard coagulometer and show a good correlation. Thanks to the excellent potential of integration, miniaturization and the availability of direct digital signals, the film bulk acoustic resonator has promising application for both clinical and personal use coagulation testing technologies.
微型化和快速的凝血检测技术在许多临床环境中至关重要。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于人体血液凝固动力学分析的 ZnO 薄膜体声波谐振器。该谐振器在 1.4GHz 下工作在厚度剪切共振模式下。当谐振器接触到液体环境时，粘性负载效应被视为等效电路中的附加电阻和电感，导致液体粘度与谐振器频率之间存在约-217kHz/cP 的线性关系。谐振频率的下降和凝血过程中的粘度变化与监测凝血过程相关联。由组织凝血活酶和钙离子激活的血液样本的频率响应呈现出类正弦趋势。通过时变频率曲线的拟合，揭示了涉及稳态反应、增长和饱和的连续阶段的凝血动力学。通过拟合时频曲线，可以提供酶级联时间、凝血速率、凝血时间和凝块程度。凝血酶原时间与标准凝血仪测量的结果进行了比较，相关性良好。由于其出色的集成潜力、微型化和直接数字信号的可用性，薄膜体声波谐振器在临床和个人使用的凝血检测技术中具有广阔的应用前景。
